Ubude obuphezulu, ubusika obude, ikhephu elinzima - ngaba iiprojekthi ezinje zisengahamba ilanga?
Ewe. Kwaye iqondo lokushisa eliphantsi ngokwalo liyibhonasi. Iimodyuli ze-crystalline ze-silicon zilinganiswe kwi-25 ° C; Rhoqo nge-1°C ukwehla kobushushu, imveliso inyuka malunga ne-0.3% -0.35%. Isizathu sokuba isizukulwana sasebusika sisezantsi asilobushushu - ziiyure ezimfutshane zemini kunye nekhephu. Zombini zinokusonjululwa ngokuyila.
I-Cold Yonyusa Isiphumo: I-Counterintuitive, kodwa ixhaswa yiDatha
I-Coefficient yoBubushushu yiParameter engundoqo
Umlinganiso wobushushu wamandla weemodyuli ze-crystalline silicon azilunganga - ubushushu obusezantsi, kokukhona kuphuma isiphumo:
| Itekhnoloji yeeseli | I-coefficient yokushisa kwamandla | Ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi |
| I-PERC eqhelekileyo ye-monocrystalline | Malunga. -0.30% ukuya -0.35%/°C | ≈ + 10% imveliso ngosuku olucacileyo -5 ° C |
| N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | Malunga. -0.25% ukuya -0.30%/°C | Ilahlekelwa yi-0.05% -0.1% ngaphantsi kwinqanaba ngalinye phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo |
| HJT | Malunga. -0.24% ukuya -0.26%/°C | Inzuzo enkulu yobushushu obuphantsi |
Thatha imodyuli ye-400W njengomzekelo: kwiqondo lokushisa kweseli -5 ° C, umphumo wangempela malunga ne-442W, i-10.5% ngaphezu kokulinganisa; emva kwemini phakathi kwehlobo kwiqondo lokushisa kweseli ye-45 ° C, imveliso yi-372W kuphela, i-7% engaphantsi kwemilinganiselo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwekhephu (impembelelo ye-albedo) yongeza enye into eyongeziweyo: imiphezulu yekhephu ibonisa i-80% -90% yokukhanya, ngelixa umhlaba oqhelekileyo ubonisa kuphela i-10% -20%. Kwiimeko ezicacileyo, ezibandayo, ezinekhephu, imveliso inokugqithisa amandla alinganisiweyo nge-18%.
Kutheni kuvakala ngathi iSolar ayivelisi eBusika
Ngenxa yokuba i-astronomy iyatshintsha. Kwi-latitude 42°N, usuku lukaJuni luthatha malunga neeyure ze-15, kodwa usuku lukaDisemba lumalunga ne-9 kuphela.
Ukufumana ireferensi: iJamani ihleli kwi-latitude 50 ° N, kwaye ngo-2023 malunga ne-12% yombane wayo welizwe uvela kwi-PV (Fraunhofer ISE). Ubude obuphezulu akuthethi ukuba iPV ayisebenzi- ithetha nje iimfuno zoyilo eziphezulu.
Ikhephu: Likhephu Olilawulayo, Hayi Ingqele
Imveliso Phantsi kweeMeko zekhephu ezahlukeneyo
| Imeko yekhephu | Impembelelo yemveliso | Ixesha lokubuyisela |
| Ikhephu elikhanyayo (<2cm) | Translucent - isengama-50% -80% imveliso | Umphezulu wemodyuli emnyama ufunxa ubushushu; iyanyibilika kwiiyure ezi-1-2 |
| Ukhuseleko olungaphelelanga (~50%) | Yehla ukuya malunga ne-25% (umtya ogqunyiweyo unciphisa umtya wonke) | Kuxhomekeke kwimozulu |
| Ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo | 0% | Izilayidi zicimile okanye zifuna ukususwa ngesandla |
| Ayinakhephu, icacile kwaye iyabanda | I-10% -18% ngasentla irethiwe | — |
Imiba emithathu yoyilo
- I-engile ye-Tilt ≥30 ° -40 °: umphezulu ogudileyo weglasi epholileyo kunye nokuthambeka kuvumela ikhephu ukuba liziqengqele ngokwalo phakathi kweentsuku ezi-1-2 - akukho kususwa kwekhephu okufunekayo kwiimeko ezininzi
- Imodyuli yokukala umthwalo wekhephu ≥5400 Pa: ukulinganiswa komthwalo wekhephu kwiimodyuli eziqhelekileyo ze-Tier 1 - ibamba phantsi kwekhephu elinzima ngaphandle kokuguqulwa
- Khetha iteknoloji yeseli yohlobo lwe-N: i-coefficient ephezulu yokushisa okuphantsi kuthetha ukulahlekelwa okuncinci kwebusika
Ngokutsho kwe-US NREL kunye nezibalo ze-PVPMC: izityalo ezininzi zilahlekelwa yi-0-10% yesizukulwana sonyaka kwikhephu, kwaye imeko embi kakhulu kwimimandla yekhephu eqhubekayo yi-10% -15%. Ukususwa kwekhephu ngesandla ngokuqhelekileyo akukhuthazwa - ukufikelela kophahla kunye nemingcipheko yemodyuli-yokukrazula ukodlula iindleko zombane ozifumanayo.
Gqibezela iNgcaciso yoYilo lweNkqubo yeeProjekthi zoBude obuPhezulu
Icala lePV
Inzuzo yobushushu obuphantsi buyinyani, kwaye kunjalo nangokukhanya okufutshane kwemini. Ingqiqo yokulinganisa:
- Qhuba uqoqosho kwisizukulwana sonyaka, hayi ixesha lasebusika kuphela
- Sebenzisa indawo yokugcina ubusuku kunye nesibhakabhaka / iintsuku zekhephu; I-PV ithatha indawo yokuqala emini
- Kwimimandla enekhephu elinzima, phutha kwicala elithe thaa ngokuthambeka kwe-array - rhweba i-irradiance encinci yasehlotyeni ukwenzela ukuchithwa kwekhephu ebusika.
Icala Lokugcina
| Uqwalaselo into | Izindululo zobude obuphezulu | Isizathu |
| Ikhemistri yebhetri | LFP (lithium iron phosphate) | Uluhlu lokusebenza phantsi -20 ° C, ubomi bomjikelezo omde |
| Isicwangciso sobuchule | Ubungakanani olona hambo lude lokusibekela / iintsuku zekhephu ezilandelelanayo | Amaxesha amade phakathi kokutshaja kwelanga ebusika |
| Ulawulo lobushushu | I-insulated enclosure + ulawulo lokufudumeza | Ukutshaja okuphantsi kobushushu kufuna ulawulo olusebenzayo lobushushu |
Uthelekiso lwedizili
Ngaphantsi kwe-15 ° C, iijeneretha ze-diesel zibeka ingozi ye-fuel gelling, i-cold starts idinga ukufudumeza kwangaphambili, kunye namaxesha okugcina aqhuba iiyure ezingama-250-500. Ubusika kanye kanye xa idizili isesichengeni kakhulu. I-PV + yokugcina i-combo ayinayo ingxaki ye-gelling, kwaye iibhetri zokugcina zigcina amandla okukhutshwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi (i-LFP ilinganiswe kwi-20 ° C).
Ukunikezelwa kwamandla ebusika kwiimigodi eziphakamileyo, ixabiso elipheleleyo lesisombululo se-diesel (i-fuel transport + ukugcinwa kwemozulu ebandayo + ukuthotyelwa kokukhutshwa kwe-emissions) kufanelekile ukuphinda kubalwe.
Iimveliso zeZM-Besta ezibandayo zemozulu
Izikhululo zamandla elanga eziphathwayo zeZM-Besta zenzelwe ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi:
| Ipharamitha | Ixabiso |
| Ubushushu bokusebenza | -20°C ukuya +50°C |
| Ukukhuselwa xa kufakwe | IP55 |
| Itekhnoloji yeeseli | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon, uguqulo olusebenzayo ≥22% |
| Ukumelana nomoya xa isetyenziswa | Beaufort Force 9 |
| Ukugcinwa kwamandla | LFP, umgangatho kunye nokwandiswa ozikhethelayo |
| Ukusasazwa | Ukuhanjiswa kololiwe kwiiyure ezingama-4-20; Ukwandiswa kweemoto kwi-≤30 imizuzu |
Iimodeli ziqala kwi-20kW (i-3.6m yesikhongozeli somzimba, esothulwa ngeforklift) ukuya kwi-150-200kW (i-40ft container). Iiprojekthi kwimimandla ebandayo ziqwalaselwe ngokukodwa kuzo zonke izinto ezintathu: ukuqina kwempembelelo, umthwalo wekhephu wemodyuli, kunye nolawulo lobushushu lokugcina.
Kwicala lesakhiwo sensimbi: kwiiworkshops eziphakamileyo eziphezulu kunye neendawo zokugcina i-dome, insimbi ichazwe kwi-Q355D / S355J2 impembelelo yamabakala asekelwe kwiqondo lokushisa elincinci lendawo, kunye neenkqubo zephahla zenzelwe umthwalo wekhephu. Uyilo lwesakhiwo kunye noqwalaselo lwe-PV luvala i-loop ngaphakathi kwendawo enye enoxanduva.
FAQ
I-Q1: Mangakanani amandla anokuvelisa iipaneli zelanga ebusika?
A: Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezimbini eziguquguqukayo: ubude kunye neemeko zekhephu. Kwimimandla yobubanzi obuphakathi, isizukulwana sasebusika senyanga simalunga nama-25% -50% kaJulayi; ngeentsuku ezicacileyo, ezibandayo, ezingenakhephu, imveliso yemihla ngemihla ingaba yi-10% -18% ngaphezu kwereyithingi (inzuzo ephantsi yobushushu + ukubonakalisa ikhephu). Amanani onyaka ayinto ebalulekileyo kwizigqibo zoqoqosho.
I-Q2: Ngaba i-PV isasebenza kwimimandla ye-20 ° C?
A: Iimodyuli ziqhuba ngcono kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Into ekufuneka uyiqinisekise luqwalaselo lwenqanaba lenkqubo: ulawulo lobushushu bebhetri yogcino, umthwalo wekhephu orhaqayo, kunye nomgangatho wobushushu obubandayo bentambo. Izikhululo zamandla ezihambayo zeZM-Besta zigubungela -20°C ukuya +50°C.
Q3: Ngaba ikhephu lifuna ukususwa ngesandla?
A: Ngokubanzi akukho. Ii-arrays ezineengile zokuthambeka ngaphezulu kwe-30 ° zichitha ikhephu ngokwazo ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezi-1-2, kwaye ilahleko yekhephu yonyaka iqhelekile ngu-0-10%. Ukhuseleko lomsebenzi kunye nemingcipheko yomonakalo wemodyuli yokususwa ngesandla ngokuqhelekileyo ukodlula umbane ofunyenweyo. Imimandla ethe gqolo enekhephu enzima ayiyonto kwaye idinga isicwangciso esizimiseleyo solawulo lwekhephu.
I-Q4: Ugubungela njani ukusilela kwamandla ebusika?
A: Ubungakanani bokugcinwa kwe-LFP olona xesha lide lokusibekela / kwekhephu iintsuku ezilandelelanayo. I-PV ithatha indawo ephambili emini, indawo yokugcina igubungela ubusuku, kwaye iijensi zedizili zigcinwa njenge-backup yemozulu embi kakhulu-yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigodi yobude obuphezulu.
Q5: Zibaluleke kangakanani izibonelelo ze-N-type TOPCon ebusika?
A: I-coefficient yayo yeqondo lokushisa malunga -0.25% ukuya -0.30% / ° C, ilahlekelwa yi-0.05% -0.1% ngaphantsi kwe-degree kune-PERC eqhelekileyo. I-advanteji yobushushu obuphantsi buba banzi kwi -20°C, ngoko ke uhlobo lwe-N lunikezela ngemveliso ezinzileyo xa kubanda kakhulu.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwenza ubungakanani besizukulwana sasebusika kunye nolungelelwaniso logcino lweprojekthi yakho yobude obuphezulu?
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