Uthenga isakhiwo somzi-mveliso wentsimbi kumthengisi waseTshayina. Uyonwabile ngemizobo kunye nesicatshulwa. Emva koko, ngaphambi kokuba usayine, igunya lokuhlaziya umzobo wendawo lithetha into enye: imizobo ayiyi kwamkelwa.
Oku akusiyo ukusilela komgangatho - kukungaphumeleli kwekhowudi. Iikhowudi zoyilo zilulwimi lwengingqi lobunjineli. Yila isakhiwo esifanayo kwiikhowudi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ufumana i-tonnage yensimbi eyahlukeneyo, ubukhulu belungu, ubunzulu bokudweba kunye namaxabiso. Khetha ikhowudi engalunganga, kwaye umsebenzi uqala kwakhona ukusuka kwinqanaba loyilo.
Eli nqaku licacisa izinto ezine: apho isixokelelwano ngasinye kwiikhowudi ezine ezinkulu sisebenza khona, indlela amabanga ezinto eziphathekayo imephu enye kwenye, into enye iiprojekthi zemozulu ebandayo zihlala ziphosakele, kunye nento onokuyibhala kwi-RFQ yakho.
IiNkqubo ezine zeKhowudi eziMakhulu: Jonga apho iNdlela nganye iSebenza ngokukrwada nje
Iikhowudi zoyilo ngokweNgingqi
| Ummandla / uhlobo lweprojekthi | Inkqubo yekhowudi yoyilo | Layisha ikhowudi | Amanqanaba entsimbi aqhelekileyo |
| EMelika / eMelika | I-AISC 360 | ASCE 7 | A36 / A572 Gr.50 / A992 |
| IYurophu, uMbindi Mpuma kunye noninzi lweAfrika | I-Eurocode 3 (EN 1993) | EN 1991 | S235 / S275 / S355 |
| UK (iiprojekthi zelifa) | BS 5950 | BS 6399 | S275 / S355 |
| I-China kunye neeprojekthi zaseTshayina ezikhokelwa phesheya | GB 50017 | GB 50009 | Q235B / Q355B |
| Amanye amazwe | Ngokuqhelekileyo ii-Eurocodes okanye iikhowudi zendawo | Kuxhomekeke kwilizwe | Kuya kuqinisekiswa ngeenjineli zasekhaya |
Amanqaku amabini:
- I-BS 5950 ithathelwe indawo yi-Eurocodes kwaye ibonakala kuphela kwiinkcukacha zeprojekthi yelifa. Iiprojekthi ezintsha zase-UK zilandela i-Eurocodes kunye nesiHlomelo seSizwe sase-UK.
- I-Australia / iNew Zealand isebenzisa i-AS 4100, apho ezinye iiprojekthi zesiqithi sasePacific zidibana nazo. Uninzi lweeprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe zikhetha phakathi kwee-Eurocodes kunye nemigangatho yase-US.
Kutheni Isakhiwo Esifanayo Sifumana Amaxabiso Ahlukeneyo
Inkqubo nganye iyahluka kwiindibaniso zomthwalo, izinto zokhuseleko kunye neegophe zokubopha. I-AISC isebenzisa izinto zokuxhathisa i-LRFD; iiEurocodes zisebenzisa ukhuseleko olungaphelelanga γM. Ngentsimbi ye-355 MPa yebakala elifanayo, uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo luphuma ngokusondeleyo kumacala omabini, kodwa amacandelo amalungu kunye neetoni zensimbi ziyahluka ngokubonakalayo. Kwimimandla yomoya ophezulu, i-ASCE 7 kunye ne-EN 1991 ziphatha i-coefficients yoxinzelelo lomoya ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye umahluko wetoni ubonisa ngokuthe ngqo kwixabiso.
Ke ababoneleli ababini abasebenza kwiikhowudi ezahlukeneyo bacaphula izakhiwo ezibini ezahlukeneyo. Iikowuti ezithelekisekayo zifuna iikhowudi ezifanayo.
Imephu yeBanga leMathiriyeli: Uqikelelo aluthethi ukulingana
IziLinganiso zeBanga eliQhelekileyo
| China GB/T 1591 | IYurophu EN 10025 | I-ASTM yase-US | Isivuno samandla |
| Q235B | S235JR | A36 | 235/250 MPa |
| Q355B | S355JR | A572 Gr.50 | 355/345 MPa |
| Q355C | S355J0 | - (ngokweemfuno ezongezelelweyo) | 355 MPa |
| Q355D | S355J2 | - (ngokweemfuno ezongezelelweyo) | 355 MPa |
Q355B ≈ S355JR ≈ A572 Gr.50. Amandla esivuno akuluhlu olufanayo. Kodwa "uqikelelo" lubambe kuphela ubungakanani bamandla.
Inqaku leeProjekthi zemozulu ebandayo ehlala iphoswa kakhulu: Ukuqina kwempembelelo
Unobumba osisimamva sibonisa ubushushu bovavanyo lwefuthe:
- B / JR: 20 ° C uvavanyo lwempembelelo(iimozulu eziqhelekileyo)
- C / J0: 0 ° C uvavanyo lwempembelelo
- D / J2: -20 ° C uvavanyo lwempembelelo(ubude obuphezulu, imimandla ebandayo-ebusika)
Kwiiprojekthi eKhanada, eMntla Yurophu, eRashiya nakwiindawo eziseMbindi Asia, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi asekuhlaleni angehla ngaphantsi kwe-20°C. Kule meko kufuneka uthenge iBanga D / J2 intsimbi. Ukutshintsha iBanga B intsimbi ngokuguqulwa kwamandla kulinganisa i-akhawunti yamandla kodwa kungekhona i-akhawunti yobunzima - kunye nomngcipheko wokuphuka kwe-brittle fracture ephantsi yobushushu idluliselwa kumnini.
Ikhontrakthi yokuthenga kufuneka ichaze ibakala lovavanyo lwempembelelo esekelwe kubuncinci bobushushu boyilo kwindawo yeprojekthi.
I-Welding kunye neeBolts zilandela iKhowudi
| Into | Inkqubo ye-Eurocode | Inkqubo esemgangathweni yase-US |
| Ukwenziwa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi / ukuwelda | EN 1090 / EN ISO 15614 / 9606 | AWS D1.1 |
| Iibholiti eziphezulu | IBakala 10.9 (ISO 898-1) | F3125 A325/A490 |
| Izatifikethi zezinto eziphathekayo | EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1/3.2 | Mill Test Report |
Iibholiti azinakutshintshwa ngokulula ngokuguqula i-intshi ukuya kwimilimitha. I-US-standard A490 ifuna ukulinganiswa kofakelo okuphezulu kunetorque yesiqhelo ye-10.9S yaseTshayina. Kwi-coefficient ye-slip ye-friction surfaces: i-sandblasting kunye ne-inorganic zinc-rich-rich paint kwi-Chinese practice inika malunga ne-0.45-0.5, ngelixa imigangatho yase-US isebenzisa i-Class A (0.30) / i-Class B (0.50). Ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa koqhagamshelwano ngokuchasene nenkqubo ehambelanayo, uya kubanjwa ekwamkelwe.
Izinto Ezine Zokubhala Phantsi kwi-RFQ Stage
- Ikhowudi yoyilo: ikhowudi eyaziwayo yiprojekthi yelizwe - yibeke kwi-RFQ
- Layisha iiparamitha: uxinzelelo lomoya wendawo, umthwalo wekhephu kunye nodidi lwenyikima (umzekelo, isantya somoya sesayithi ASCE 7)
- Ibakala lefuthe lentsimbi: ngokusekelwe kwiqondo lokushisa elisezantsi lendawo, i-B/C/D okanye i-JR/J0/J2
- Ukwenziwa kunye nemigangatho yokwamkelwaI-EN 1090 iklasi yokubulawa (EXC), inkqubo yokuwelda, iimfuno zolawulo lomntu wesithathu
Ukufumana ikhowudi echanekileyo kwinqanaba lophando akubizi nto; ukuyifumana ingalunganga ekwamkelweni kubiza ukuphinda kusebenze ngokupheleleyo.
Kutheni Khetha ZM-Besta
Yasekwa ngo-2006, ZM-Besta yinkampani edweliswe kwi-Beijing Stock Exchange kwaye iphakathi kwe-Top 50 kushishino lolwakhiwo lwentsimbi yase-China, kunye neziseko zokuvelisa ezihlanu kunye ne-300,000 m² yendawo yokwakha umzi-mveliso.
IiKhowudi ezininzi zokuYilwa kweSakhono
- Iiphakheji zesoftware yoyilo ezininzi zisebenza ngokufanayo - iPKPM, 3D3S, MIDAS, STAADPRO, njl.
- Uyilo kunye neenkonzo zokucebisa kubathengi baphesheya phantsi kweenkqubo ezininzi zekhowudi zangaphandle
- Amava aqolileyo kwimephu yomgangatho wezinto (umzekelo, Q355B vs S355JR)
Inkqubo yeSiqinisekiso
- Isiqinisekiso se-EN 1090 saseYurophu
- Isiqinisekiso senkqubo-ntathu: ISO 9001 / ISO 14001 / ISO 45001
- Udidi-Isiqinisekiso esikhethekileyo soyilo lobunjineli bentsimbi ekhanyayo; Isiqinisekiso seBanga loku-1 kwikontraka yobunjineli bentsimbi
Uyilo-ukwenziwa-ufakelo phantsi kwequmrhu elinoxanduva. Iikhowudi, izixhobo, i-welding kunye nokwamkelwa kuvala i-loop ngaphakathi kwenkqubo enye, kunye neyona ndawo incinci.
FAQ
I-Q1: Ngaba iikhowudi zoyilo lwesakhiwo sentsimbi zingaxutywa?
A: Ayikhuthazwa. Imidibaniso yomthwalo, iinkcazo zezinto eziphathekayo, iindlela zokuyila uqhagamshelo kunye nemida yokuphambuka kufuneka zonke zivele kwinkqubo enye. Ukuxuba iikhowudi kunokubangela ukungaphumeleli koxhulumaniso okanye ukubamba ukwamkelwa. Ukuba ireferensi enqamlezileyo iyimfuneko ngenene kwiprojekthi ethile, zonke iimeko ezisikelwe umda kufuneka ziphinde zingqinwe ngeempawu ezibonakalayo.
Q2: Ngaba i-Q355B ingathatha indawo ngokuthe ngqo i-S355JR?
A: Kwiimozulu eziqhelekileyo, amandla kunye namabakala empembelelo (20 ° C) ayathelekiseka, ngoko ke ukutshintshwa kuyamkeleka ngokubanzi. Kodwa kwiiprojekthi zemozulu ebandayo (-20 ° C iklasi), udinga i-Q355D / S355J2, kunye ne-carbon elinganayo kunye neenkqubo ze-welding kufuneka ziphinde ziqinisekiswe ngokuchasene nekhowudi yeprojekthi. Isigqibo sokutshintsha kufuneka siqinisekiswe ngokubhaliweyo liqela loyilo.
I-Q3: Ngaba isatifikethi se-EN 1090 siyafana noyilo lwe-Eurocode?
A: Hayi. I-EN 1090 ilawula ukwenziwa kwezinto kunye nokulawulwa kwemveliso yefektri (imfuneko yokumakisha i-CE); ikhowudi yoyilo yi-EN 1993 Eurocode 3. Bazimele, kwaye iiprojekthi ze-Eurocode zihlala zifuna zombini.
I-Q4: Yiyiphi inkathalo ekhethekileyo efunekayo xa ukhetha isinyithi kwiiprojekthi eziphakamileyo?
A: Amanqaku amabini: khetha iD/J2 impembelelo amabakala asekelwe kubuncinane bobushushu bendawo; kwaye unyanzelise amabakala angqongqo omgangatho we-weld kunye nolawulo olulinganayo lwekhabhoni ukunqanda ukuqhekeka okunobushushu obuphantsi. Sitshixa iimfuno zovavanyo lwempembelelo kwisivumelwano sokuthenga ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zobushushu beprojekthi.
Ngaba ufuna isisombululo sakho sentsimbi sihlolwe ngokuchasene neekhowudi zelizwe lakho? Sithumele indawo yeprojekthi kunye neemeko zokulayisha:
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