Urimo kugura inyubako yinganda zubaka uruganda rutanga umushinwa. Wishimiye ibishushanyo hamwe na cote. Noneho, mbere yuko usinya, ubuyobozi bushinzwe gusubiramo ibishushanyo bivuga ikintu kimwe: ibishushanyo ntibizemerwa.
Ibi ntabwo ari kunanirwa kwiza - ni kunanirwa kode. Igishushanyo mbonera ni ururimi rwakarere ka injeniyeri. Shushanya inyubako imwe kuri code zitandukanye hanyuma ubone ibyuma bitandukanye tonnage, ingano yabanyamuryango, gushushanya ubujyakuzimu nibiciro. Hitamo kode itariyo, hanyuma rework itangire byongeye kuva murwego rwo gushushanya.
Iyi ngingo irasobanura ibintu bine: aho buri sisitemu enye zingenzi zikoreshwa, uburyo amanota yerekana ikarita kuri mugenzi we, ikintu kimwe imishinga ikonje-ikirere ikunze kubura, nicyo wandika muri RFQ yawe.
Sisitemu enye zingenzi za sisitemu: Reba aho buriwese akurikizwa
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'akarere
| Akarere / ubwoko bwumushinga | Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu | Kode y'imizigo | Ibyiciro rusange byibyuma |
| Amerika / Amerika | AISC 360 | ASCE 7 | A36 / A572 Gr.50 / A992 |
| Uburayi, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati na Afurika hafi ya yose | Eurocode 3 (EN 1993) | EN 1991 | S235 / S275 / S355 |
| Ubwongereza (imishinga y'umurage) | BS 5950 | BS 6399 | S275 / S355 |
| Ubushinwa nuyobowe nabashinwa imishinga yo mumahanga | GB 50017 | GB 50009 | Q235B / Q355B |
| Ibindi bihugu | Mubisanzwe Eurocode cyangwa code zaho | Biterwa n'igihugu | Kwemezwa naba injeniyeri baho |
Inyandiko ebyiri:
- BS 5950 yasimbuwe na Eurocode kandi igaragara gusa mubikorwa byumurage umurage. Imishinga mishya yo mubwongereza ikurikiza Eurocode hiyongereyeho Umugereka wigihugu cyu Bwongereza.
- Australiya / Nouvelle-Zélande ikoresha AS 4100, imishinga imwe yo mu birwa bya pasifika ihura nayo. Imishinga myinshi mpuzamahanga ihitamo hagati ya Eurocode nubuziranenge bwa Amerika.
Impamvu inyubako imwe ibona ibiciro bitandukanye
Buri sisitemu itandukanye muburyo bwo guhuza imizigo, ibintu byumutekano hamwe no gukata umurongo. AISC ikoresha ibintu birwanya LRFD; eurocode ikoresha ibintu byumutekano igice γM. Hamwe nicyuma cya MPa 355 kimwe, impagarara zemewe zisohoka hafi kumpande zombi, ariko ibice byabanyamuryango na tonnage yicyuma biratandukanye bigaragara. Mu turere tw’umuyaga mwinshi, ASCE 7 na EN 1991 bafata coefficient yumuvuduko wumuyaga ukundi, kandi itandukaniro rya tonnage ryerekanwa neza kubiciro.
Abatanga ibintu bibiri rero bakora kode zitandukanye basubiramo inyubako ebyiri zitandukanye. Kugereranya gusubiramo bisaba kode ihamye.
Ikarita yo Kuringaniza Ibikoresho: Kugereranya ntabwo bivuze ko bihwanye
Ibipimo rusange bihwanye
| Ubushinwa GB / T 1591 | Uburayi EN 10025 | US ASTM | Tanga imbaraga |
| Q235B | S235JR | A36 | 235/250 MPa |
| Q355B | S355JR | A572 Gr.50 | 355/345 MPa |
| Q355C | S355J0 | - (kubisabwa byiyongera) | 355 MPa |
| Q355D | S355J2 | - (kubisabwa byiyongera) | 355 MPa |
Q355B ≈ S355JR ≈ A572 Gr.50. Imbaraga zo gutanga umusaruro ziri murwego rumwe. Ariko "kugereranya" bifata gusa imbaraga zingero.
Ikintu Cold-Climate Imishinga Imishinga Akunze Kubura: Gukomera Ingaruka
Inyuguti yinyongera yerekana ingaruka zubushyuhe bwikizamini:
- B / JR: Ikizamini cya 20 ° C.(ikirere gisanzwe)
- C / J0: 0 ° C ikizamini cyingaruka
- D / J2: -20 ° C ikizamini cyingaruka(uburebure-burebure, uturere dukonje-imbeho)
Mu mishinga yo muri Kanada, Uburayi bw’Amajyaruguru, Uburusiya ndetse no mu bice bya Aziya yo hagati, ubushyuhe buke bwaho bushobora kugabanuka munsi ya -20 ° C. Muri ibi bihe ugomba kugura Icyiciro D / J2 ibyuma. Gusimbuza ibyuma byo mu cyiciro cya B muburyo bwo guhindura imbaraga biringaniza konti yimbaraga ariko ntabwo ari konte yo gukomera - kandi ibyago byo kuvunika ubushyuhe buke buke byahawe nyirabyo.
Amasezerano yubuguzi agomba kwerekana amanota yikizamini ashingiye ku bushyuhe buke bwibishushanyo mbonera.
Gusudira na Bolts Kurikiza Kode
| Ingingo | Sisitemu ya Eurocode | Sisitemu isanzwe yo muri Amerika |
| Imiterere yicyuma / gusudira | EN 1090 / EN ISO 15614/9606 | AWS D1.1 |
| Imbaraga zikomeye | Icyiciro cya 10.9 (ISO 898-1) | F3125 A325 / A490 |
| Impamyabumenyi | EN 10204 Ubwoko 3.1 / 3.2 | Raporo y'Ikizamini |
Bolt ntishobora guhindurwa gusa muguhindura santimetero kuri milimetero. US-isanzwe A490 isaba kwishyiriraho hejuru kurenza itara risanzwe kubashinwa 10.9S. Kubijyanye no kunyerera hejuru yubuso: gutondagura umucanga wongeyeho irangi ryuzuye rya zinc rikungahaye kumyitozo yubushinwa itanga hafi 0.45-0.5, mugihe ibipimo byabanyamerika bikoresha icyiciro A (0.30) / Icyiciro B (0.50). Hatabayeho kugenzura guhuza sisitemu ijyanye, uzafatwa mukwemera.
Ibintu bine byo kwandika muri Stage ya RFQ
- Igishushanyo mbonera: code yemewe nigihugu cyumushinga - shyira muri RFQ
- Kuramo ibipimo: umuvuduko wumuyaga waho, umutwaro wurubura nicyiciro cyibiza (urugero, ASCE 7 umuvuduko wumuyaga)
- Icyiciro cy'ingaruka z'icyuma: ukurikije ubushyuhe buke bwaho, leta B / C / D cyangwa JR / J0 / J2
- Gushyira mu bikorwa & kwemerwa: EN 1090 icyiciro cyo gukora (EXC), sisitemu yo gusudira, ibisabwa byabandi-kugenzura
Kubona kode neza murwego rwo kubaza ntacyo bisaba; kubyumva nabi mukwemera bisaba gukora rework yuzuye.
Kuki Guhitamo ZM-Besta
ZM-Besta yashinzwe mu 2006, isosiyete ikora ku isoko ry’imigabane rya Beijing kandi iza ku mwanya wa 50 ba mbere mu nganda zubaka ibyuma by’Ubushinwa, ifite inganda eshanu n’inganda 300.000 z’ahantu hubakwa uruganda.
Ubushobozi bwo gushushanya byinshi
- Porogaramu nyinshi zo gushushanya porogaramu ikora muburyo bubangikanye - PKPM, 3D3S, MIDAS, STAADPRO, nibindi.
- Gushushanya no gutanga inama kubakiriya bo mumahanga muri sisitemu nyinshi zo mumahanga
- Uburambe bukuze mugushushanya amanota yibikoresho (urugero, Q355B vs S355JR)
Sisitemu yo Kwemeza
- EN 1090 Icyemezo cyu Burayi
- Icyemezo cya sisitemu eshatu: ISO 9001 / ISO 14001 / ISO 45001
- Icyiciro-Impamyabumenyi yihariye yubushakashatsi bwubwubatsi bworoshye; Icyiciro cya 1 impamyabumenyi yo kubaka ibyuma byubaka
Igishushanyo-gihimbano-kwishyiriraho munsi yikintu kimwe kibazwa. Kode, ibikoresho, gusudira no kwemererwa gufunga uruziga muri sisitemu imwe, hamwe nintera nkeya.
Ibibazo
Q1: Kode yo gushushanya ibyuma bishobora kuvangwa?
Igisubizo: Ntabwo byemewe. Gutwara imizigo, ibisobanuro bifatika, uburyo bwo guhuza uburyo hamwe nimbibi zigomba gutandukana byose biva muri sisitemu imwe. Kuvanga kode birashobora gutera kunanirwa guhuza cyangwa gufata ibyemezo. Niba kwambukiranya-nkenerwa mubyukuri umushinga runaka, leta zose zigarukira zigomba kongera kugenzurwa nibintu bifatika.
Q2: Q355B irashobora gusimbuza S355JR mu buryo butaziguye?
Igisubizo: Mubihe bisanzwe, imbaraga ningaruka zingero (20 ° C) biragereranywa, kubisimbuza rero biremewe muri rusange. Ariko kubikorwa byubukonje -cyiciro (-20 ° C icyiciro), ukeneye Q355D / S355J2, kandi inzira ihwanye na karubone hamwe nogusudira igomba kongera kugenzurwa kode yumushinga. Icyemezo cyo gusimbuza kigomba kwemezwa mu nyandiko nitsinda ryabashushanyije.
Q3: Icyemezo cya EN 1090 kirasa nigishushanyo cya Eurocode?
Igisubizo: Oya EN 1090 igenga ishyirwa mubikorwa no kugenzura umusaruro wuruganda (ibisabwa kugirango ikimenyetso cya CE); igishushanyo mbonera ni EN 1993 Eurocode 3. Barigenga, kandi imishinga ya Eurocode ikenera byombi.
Q4: Ni ubuhe buryo bwihariye bukenewe muguhitamo ibyuma kumushinga muremure?
Igisubizo: Ingingo ebyiri: hitamo amanota ya D / J2 ukurikije ubushyuhe buke bwaho; hanyuma ushyireho amanota meza yo gusudira hamwe na karubone ihwanye kugirango wirinde kuvunika ubushyuhe buke. Dufunga ibisabwa byingaruka zamasezerano yo kugura dushingiye kumiterere yubushyuhe bwumushinga.
Ukeneye igisubizo cyimiterere yicyuma gisuzumwa kode yigihugu cyawe? Twohereze aho umushinga uherereye nuburyo bwo kwikorera:
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