Uthenga isakhiwo sefekthri yesakhiwo sensimbi kumnikezeli wempahla waseShayina. Uyajabula ngemidwebo kanye nekhotheshini. Khona-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi usayine, isiphathimandla sokubuyekeza imidwebo sendawo sisho into eyodwa: imidwebo ngeke yamukelwe.
Lokhu akukhona ukwehluleka kwekhwalithi — ukwehluleka kwekhodi. Amakhodi edizayini awulimi lwesifunda lobunjiniyela. Dizayina isakhiwo esifanayo kumakhodi ahlukene futhi uthola amathani ensimbi ahlukene, osayizi bamalungu, ukujula komdwebo kanye nentengo. Khetha ikhodi engalungile, futhi umsebenzi uqala kabusha kusukela esigabeni sokuklama.
Lesi sihloko sicacisa izinto ezine: lapho uhlelo lwekhodi ngayinye enkulukazi lusebenza khona, ukuthi amamaki abalulekile abonisana kanjani, into eyodwa amaphrojekthi wesimo sezulu esibandayo avame ukuphuthelwa, nokuthi yini okufanele uyibhale ku-RFQ yakho.
Amasistimu Amakhodi Amane Amakhulu: Bona Lapho Ngasinye Sisebenza Ngokubheka Kanjani
Dizayina Amakhodi ngokwesifunda
| Isifunda / uhlobo lwephrojekthi | Isistimu yekhodi yokuklama | Layisha ikhodi | Amamaki ensimbi ajwayelekile |
| I-US / iMelika | I-AISC 360 | I-ASCE 7 | I-A36 / A572 Gr.50 / A992 |
| I-Europe, Middle East kanye neningi lase-Afrika | I-Eurocode 3 (EN 1993) | EN 1991 | I-S235 / S275 / S355 |
| I-UK (amaphrojekthi wefa) | BS 5950 | BS 6399 | I-S275 / S355 |
| I-China kanye namaphrojekthi aphesheya aholwa yi-China | I-GB 50017 | I-GB 50009 | I-Q235B / Q355B |
| Amanye amazwe | Ngokuvamile ama-Eurocode noma amakhodi endawo | Kuncike ngezwe | Kuzoqinisekiswa nonjiniyela bendawo |
Amanothi amabili:
- I-BS 5950 ithathelwe indawo yi-Eurocodes futhi ivela kuphela kwezinye izici zephrojekthi yefa. Amaphrojekthi amasha ase-UK empeleni alandela ama-Eurocode kanye ne-UK National Annex.
- I-Australia/New Zealand isebenzisa i-AS 4100, okuhlangatshezwana nayo amanye amaphrojekthi eziqhingi zasePacific. Amaphrojekthi amaningi wamazwe ngamazwe akhetha phakathi kwe-Eurocodes namazinga ase-US.
Kungani Isakhiwo Esifanayo Sithola Amanani Ahlukene
Isistimu ngayinye iyahluka ngokuhlanganiswa komthwalo, izici zokuphepha namajika okubopha. I-AISC isebenzisa izici zokumelana ne-LRFD; ama-Eurocode asebenzisa izici zokuphepha ezingaphelele γM. Ngensimbi efanayo yebanga lama-MPa angu-355, ukucindezeleka okuvumelekile kuphuma eduze nhlangothi zombili, kodwa izingxenye zamalungu kanye nethoni yensimbi kuyahluka ngokusobala. Ezifundeni ezinomoya ophezulu, i-ASCE 7 ne-EN 1991 iphatha ama-coefficients womfutho womoya ngendlela ehlukile, futhi umehluko wamathoni ubonakala ngokuqondile enanini.
Ngakho abahlinzeki ababili abasebenza ngamakhodi ahlukene bacaphuna izakhiwo ezimbili ezihlukene. Izingcaphuno eziqhathanisekayo zidinga amakhodi angaguquki.
Imephu Yebanga Lokubalulekile: Ukulinganisa Akusho Ukulingana
Okulingana Ibanga Elivamile
| I-China GB/T 1591 | I-Europe EN 10025 | US ASTM | Amandla esivuno |
| Q235B | I-S235JR | A36 | 235/250 MPa |
| Q355B | I-S355JR | I-A572 Gr.50 | 355/345 MPa |
| Q355C | I-S355J0 | - (ngokwezimfuneko ezingeziwe) | 355 MPa |
| Q355D | I-S355J2 | - (ngokwezimfuneko ezingeziwe) | 355 MPa |
Q355B ≈ S355JR ≈ A572 Gr.50. Amandla esivuno akubanga elifanayo. Kodwa "ukulinganisa" kubambelela kuphela kubukhulu bamandla.
Into Iphrojekthi Yesimo Sezulu Esibandayo Evame Ukuphuthelwa Kakhulu: Ukuqina Komthelela
Uhlamvu lwesijobelelo luchaza izinga lokushisa lokuhlola umthelela:
- B / JR: Ukuhlolwa komthelela okungu-20°C(isimo sezulu esivamile)
- C / J0: 0°C ukuhlolwa komthelela
- D / J2: -20°C ukuhlolwa komthelela(izindawo ezinobude obuphezulu, izifunda ezibandayo nobusika)
Emaphrojekthini aseCanada, eNyakatho Yurophu, eRussia nasezingxenyeni ze-Asia Ephakathi, izinga lokushisa elincane lasendaweni lingehla ngaphansi kuka-20°C. Kulezi zimo kufanele uthenge insimbi yeBanga D / J2. Ukufaka insimbi yeBanga B ngokuguqulwa kwamandla kulinganisa i-akhawunti yamandla kodwa hhayi i-akhawunti yokuqina - futhi ubungozi bokuphuka kwe-brittle lokushisa eliphansi kudluliselwa kumnikazi.
Inkontileka yokuthenga kufanele icacise izinga lokuhlola umthelela ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokushisa elincane lomklamo endaweni yephrojekthi.
Ama-Welding nama-Bolt Alandela Ikhodi
| Into | Isistimu ye-Eurocode | Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwase-US |
| Ukwenziwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi / ukushisela | EN 1090 / EN ISO 15614 / 9606 | AWS D1.1 |
| Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu | Ibanga 10.9 (ISO 898-1) | F3125 A325/A490 |
| Izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo | I-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1/3.2 | Mill Test Report |
Ama-bolt awakwazi ukumane ashintshwe ngokuguqula ama-intshi abe amamilimitha. I-US-standard A490 idinga ukuzenzisa okuphezulu kokufakwa kunetorque evamile ye-Chinese 10.9S. Ku-coefficient eshelelayo yezindawo ezingqubuzanayo: i-sandblasting kanye nopende onothile nge-zinc we-inorganic practice ngamunye waseShayina kunikeza cishe u-0.45-0.5, kuyilapho amazinga ase-US esebenzisa Ikilasi A (0.30)/Ikilasi B (0.50). Ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa kokuxhumeka ngokumelene nesistimu ehambisanayo, uzomiswa lapho wamukelwe.
Izinto Ezine Okufanele Uzibhale Esiteji Se-RFQ
- Ikhodi yokuklama: ikhodi eqashelwa izwe lephrojekthi — ibeke ku-RFQ
- Layisha amapharamitha: umfutho womoya wendawo, umthwalo weqhwa nesigaba sokuzamazama komhlaba (isb., isivinini somoya sesayithi le-ASCE 7)
- Ibanga lomthelela wensimbi: ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi lasendaweni, isifunda esingu-B/C/D noma JR/J0/J2
- Amazinga wokwenza nokwamukela: I-EN 1090 isigaba sokubulawa (EXC), isistimu yokushisela, izidingo zokugadwa zezinkampani zangaphandle
Ukuthola ikhodi kahle esigabeni sokubuza akubizi lutho; ukuwenza kungalungile ekwamukelweni kubiza ukuphinda kusetshenzwe kabusha.
Kungani Khetha ZM-Besta
Yasungulwa ngo-2006, i-ZM-Besta iyinkampani esohlwini lwe-Beijing Stock Exchange futhi ikleliswa kwabangu-50 Abaphezulu embonini yesakhiwo sensimbi yokwakha yase-China, enezisekelo ezinhlanu zokukhiqiza kanye no-300,000 m² wendawo yokwakha yefekthri.
Amandla Wokuklama Amakhodi Amaningi
- Amaphakheji e-software emiklamo eminingi asebenza ngokufana - i-PKPM, i-3D3S, i-MIDAS, i-STAADPRO, njll.
- Ukudizayina nezinsizakalo zokubonisana zamakhasimende aphesheya ngaphansi kwezinhlelo eziningi zamakhodi angaphandle
- Umuzwa okhulile ekumeshweni kwebanga lezinto ezibonakalayo (isb., Q355B vs S355JR)
Uhlelo Lokuqinisekisa
- Isitifiketi se-EN 1090 saseYurophu
- Isitifiketi sohlelo oluthathu: ISO 9001 / ISO 14001 / ISO 45001
- Iziqu ze-Class-A zokuklama ubunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi elula; Iziqu zeBanga loku-1 zenkontileka yobunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi
Ukufakwa kwe-Design-fabrication ngaphansi kwebhizinisi elilodwa eliziphendulela. Amakhodi, izinto zokwakha, ukushisela kanye nokwamukela kuvala iluphu ngaphakathi kwesistimu eyodwa, ngezindawo ezimbalwa zokusebenzelana.
FAQ
I-Q1: Ingabe amakhodi wokuklama isakhiwo sensimbi angaxutshwa?
A: Akunconyiwe. Inhlanganisela yomthwalo, izincazelo zezinto ezibonakalayo, izindlela zokuklama ukuxhuma kanye nemikhawulo yokuchezuka kufanele konke kuvele ohlelweni olulodwa. Ukuxuba amakhodi kungabangela ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka noma ukubamba lapho ukwamukelwa. Uma ireferensi ehlukahlukene iyadingeka ngempela kuphrojekthi ethile, zonke izifunda ezilinganiselwe kufanele ziphinde ziqinisekiswe ngezakhiwo zangempela zento.
I-Q2: Ingabe i-Q355B ingakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni ngokuqondile i-S355JR?
IMPENDULO: Ezimweni zezulu ezijwayelekile, amandla kanye namazinga omthelela (20°C) ayaqhathaniseka, ngakho ukushintshwa kuyamukeleka. Kodwa kumaphrojekthi wesimo sezulu esibandayo (-20 ° C ekilasini), udinga i-Q355D/S355J2, futhi izinqubo ezilingana nekhabhoni kanye nezinqubo zokushisela kufanele ziphinde ziqinisekiswe ngokumelene nekhodi yephrojekthi. Isinqumo sokufaka esikhundleni kufanele siqinisekiswe ngokubhala ithimba lokuklama.
I-Q3: Ingabe isitifiketi se-EN 1090 siyefana ne-Eurocode design?
A: Cha. I-EN 1090 ilawula ukwenziwa kokwenziwa kanye nokulawulwa kokukhiqizwa kwefekthri (imfuneko yokumaka i-CE); ikhodi yokuklama ithi EN 1993 Eurocode 3. Zizimele, futhi amaphrojekthi e-Eurocode ngokuvamile adinga kokubili.
I-Q4: Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile okudingekayo lapho ukhetha insimbi yamaphrojekthi we-latitude ephezulu?
A: Amaphuzu amabili: khetha amamaki omthelela we-D/J2 ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokushisa elincane lasendaweni; futhi iphoqelele amamaki ekhwalithi ye-weld eqinile kanye nokulawula okulinganayo kwekhabhoni ukuze kugwenywe ukuphuka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Sikhiya izidingo zokuhlolwa komthelela kunkontileka yokuthenga ngokusekelwe kuzimo zezinga lokushisa lephrojekthi.
Udinga isisombululo sakho sesakhiwo sensimbi sihlolwe ngokumelene namakhodi wezwe lakini? Sithumelele indawo yephrojekthi kanye nezimo zokulayisha:
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