Kuna sayen ginin masana'antar tsarin karfe daga mai siyar da kasar Sin. Kuna farin ciki da zane-zane da zance. Sannan, kafin ka sa hannu, hukumar nazarin zane ta gida ta faɗi abu ɗaya: ba za a karɓi zanen ba.
Wannan ba gazawar inganci ba ce - gazawar lamba ce. Lambobin ƙira sune harshen yanki na aikin injiniya. Zana ginin iri ɗaya zuwa lambobi daban-daban kuma kuna samun nau'in ƙarfe daban-daban, girman memba, zurfin zane da farashi. Zaɓi lambar da ba daidai ba, kuma sake yin aiki yana farawa gabaɗaya daga matakin ƙira.
Wannan labarin yana fayyace abubuwa huɗu: inda kowane ɗayan manyan tsarin lambar guda huɗu ke aiki, yadda taswirar kayan abu ga junansu, abu ɗaya na ayyukan yanayin sanyi galibi ke ɓacewa, da abin da za ku rubuta a cikin RFQ ɗinku.
Manyan Tsarukan Lambobi Hudu: Duba Inda Kowa Yake Aiwatar Da Kallo
Lambobin ƙira ta Yanki
| Nau'in yanki / aikin | Tsarin lambar ƙira | Load code | Common karfe maki |
| Amurka / Amurka | Farashin 360 | ASCE 7 | A36 / A572 Gr.50 / A992 |
| Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da galibin Afirka | Eurocode 3 (EN 1993) | EN 1991 | S235/S275/S355 |
| UK (ayyukan gado) | Farashin BS5950 | Farashin 6399 | S275 / S355 |
| Ayyukan da China da China ke jagoranta a ketare | GB 50017 | Farashin 50009 | Q235B/Q355B |
| Sauran kasashe | Yawancin lambobin Euro ko lambobin gida | Ya dogara da kasar | Don tabbatarwa tare da injiniyoyi na gida |
Bayanan kula guda biyu:
- BS 5950 an maye gurbinsu da lambobin Euro kuma yana bayyana kawai a cikin wasu ƙayyadaddun ayyukan gado. Sabbin ayyukan Burtaniya a zahiri suna bin Eurocodes tare da Annex na Ƙasar Burtaniya.
- Ostiraliya/New Zealand suna amfani da AS 4100, wanda wasu ayyukan tsibirin Pacific suka ci karo da su. Yawancin ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa suna zaɓa tsakanin ƙa'idodin Euro da ma'aunin Amurka.
Me Yasa Gine Daya Ke Samun Farashi Daban-daban
Kowane tsarin ya bambanta a cikin haɗuwa da kaya, abubuwan tsaro da ƙugiya masu lankwasa. AISC tana amfani da abubuwan juriya na LRFD; Lambobin Euro suna amfani da abubuwan aminci na ɓangarori γM. Tare da ƙarfe 355 MPa iri ɗaya, damuwa da aka yarda yana fitowa kusa da ɓangarorin biyu, amma sassan memba da ton ƙarfe sun bambanta a bayyane. A cikin yankuna masu iska, ASCE 7 da EN 1991 suna kula da ma'aunin karfin iska daban, kuma bambancin ton yana nunawa kai tsaye a farashin.
Don haka masu samar da kayayyaki biyu da ke aiki zuwa lambobin daban-daban suna ambaton gine-gine daban-daban guda biyu. Kwatankwacin kwatancen suna buƙatar daidaitattun lambobi.
Taswirar Matsayin Abu: Kimanin Ba Ya Ma'anar Daidai
Kwatankwacin Darajoji gama gari
| China GB/T 1591 | Turai EN 10025 | US ASTM | Ƙarfin bayarwa |
| Q235B | Saukewa: S235JR | A36 | 235/250 MPa |
| Q355B | Saukewa: S355JR | A572 Gr.50 | 355/345 MPa |
| Q355C | Saukewa: S355J0 | - (kowace ƙarin buƙatun) | 355 MPa |
| Q355D | Saukewa: S355J2 | - (kowace ƙarin buƙatun) | 355 MPa |
Q355B ≈ S355JR ≈ A572 Gr.50. Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa yana cikin kewayo ɗaya. Amma "kimanin" yana riƙe da girman ƙarfin kawai.
Abubuwan Ayyukan Sanyi-Yawan Yawa Mafi Yawanci Ba Ake Rasa: Tauri Tasiri
Harafin suffix yana nuna tasirin zafin gwajin:
- B/JR: 20°C gwajin tasiri(yanayin al'ada)
- C / J0: 0°C gwajin tasiri
- D/J2: -20°C gwajin tasiri(high-latitude, yankunan sanyi-hunturu)
A cikin ayyuka a Kanada, Arewacin Turai, Rasha da sassan Asiya ta Tsakiya, mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi na gida zai iya faɗi ƙasa -20 ° C. A cikin waɗannan lokuta dole ne ku sayi Karfe D/J2. Maye gurbin Karfe B ta hanyar jujjuya ƙarfi yana daidaita ma'auni mai ƙarfi amma ba asusun tauri ba - kuma ana ba da haɗarin karyewar ƙarancin zafin jiki ga mai shi.
Kwangilar siyan dole ne ta ƙididdige ƙimar gwajin tasiri bisa mafi ƙarancin ƙira a wurin aikin.
Welding da Bolts Bi Lambobin
| Abu | Tsarin Eurocode | US misali tsarin |
| Ƙarfe tsarin kisa / waldi | EN 1090 / EN ISO 15614 / 9606 | Bayanan Bayani na AWS D1.1 |
| Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi | Darasi na 10.9 (ISO 898-1) | F3125 A325/A490 |
| Takaddun shaida na kayan aiki | EN 10204 Nau'in 3.1 / 3.2 | Rahoton Gwajin Mill |
Ba za a iya musanya bolts kawai ta hanyar canza inci zuwa millimeters ba. Matsayin Amurka A490 yana buƙatar ƙimar shigarwa mafi girma fiye da karfin juzu'i na 10.9S na China. Don madaidaicin zamewar filaye: fashewar yashi da fenti mai wadatar zinc a kowane aikin Sinawa yana ba da kusan 0.45-0.5, yayin da ma'aunin Amurka ke amfani da Class A (0.30)/Class B (0.50). Ba tare da tabbatar da haɗin kai a kan tsarin da ya dace ba, za a riƙe ku a lokacin karɓa.
Abubuwa Hudu Don Rubutu A Matsayin RFQ
- Lambar ƙira: lambar da ƙasar aikin ta gane - sanya shi a cikin RFQ
- Load sigogi: matsa lamba na gida, nauyin dusar ƙanƙara da nau'in girgizar ƙasa (misali, saurin iska na rukunin ASCE 7)
- Karfe tasiri daraja: dangane da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na gida, jihar B/C/D ko JR/J0/J2
- Ka'idojin aiwatarwa & yardaTS EN 1090 aji kisa (EXC), tsarin walda, buƙatun kulawa na ɓangare na uku
Samun lambar daidai a matakin bincike yana biyan komai; samun ba daidai ba a yarda yana biyan cikakken aikin sake aiki.
Me yasa Zabi ZM-Besta
An kafa shi a cikin 2006, ZM-Besta wani kamfani ne da aka jera a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Beijing kuma yana cikin manyan 50 a cikin masana'antar ginin ƙarfe na China, tare da sansanonin masana'anta guda biyar da murabba'in murabba'in mita 300,000.
Iyawar Ƙirar Ƙira
- Fakitin software da yawa suna gudana a layi daya - PKPM, 3D3S, MIDAS, STAADPRO, da sauransu.
- Ƙira da sabis na tuntuɓar abokan ciniki na ketare a ƙarƙashin tsarin lambobin ƙasashen waje da yawa
- Babban gwaninta a cikin taswirar matakin kayan abu (misali, Q355B vs S355JR)
Tsarin Takaddun shaida
- EN 1090 Takaddun shaida na Turai
- Takaddun shaida na tsarin sau uku: ISO 9001 / ISO 14001 / ISO 45001
- Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Class-A don ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙarfe mai haske; Matsayin digiri-1 don kwangilar aikin injiniyan tsarin ƙarfe
Ƙirƙira-ƙira-shigarwa a ƙarƙashin mahaɗin da ke da lissafi ɗaya. Lambobi, kayan aiki, walda da karɓa suna rufe madauki a cikin tsarin guda ɗaya, tare da mafi ƙarancin musaya.
FAQ
Q1: Za a iya haɗa lambobin ƙirar tsarin ƙarfe?
A: Ba a ba da shawarar ba. Haɗin kaya, ma'anoni na kayan aiki, hanyoyin ƙirar haɗin gwiwa da iyakoki na juyewa dole ne duk sun fito daga tsarin ɗaya. Lambobin haɗawa na iya haifar da gazawar haɗin gwiwa ko riƙewa yayin karɓa. Idan nunin giciye yana da matukar mahimmanci don takamaiman aiki, duk jihohin iyaka dole ne a sake tabbatar da su tare da ainihin kayan abu.
Q2: Shin Q355B zai iya maye gurbin S355JR kai tsaye?
A: A cikin yanayi na al'ada, ƙarfin da tasiri maki (20 ° C) suna kama da juna, don haka maye gurbin gabaɗaya yana karɓa. Amma don ayyukan sanyi-yanayin (-20 ° C aji), kuna buƙatar Q355D/S355J2, kuma dole ne a sake tabbatar da hanyoyin daidaita carbon da walda tare da lambar aikin. Ƙungiyar ƙira ya kamata a tabbatar da shawarar maye gurbin a rubuce.
Q3: Shin takaddun shaida na EN 1090 daidai yake da ƙirar Eurocode?
A: A'a. EN 1090 yana sarrafa aiwatar da ƙirƙira da sarrafa masana'anta (sharadi don alamar CE); Lambar ƙira ita ce EN 1993 Eurocode 3. Suna da zaman kansu, kuma ayyukan Eurocode yawanci suna buƙatar duka biyun.
Q4: Menene kulawa na musamman da ake buƙata lokacin zabar karfe don ayyukan manyan latitude?
A: Maki biyu: zaɓi matakan tasiri na D / J2 dangane da ƙananan zafin jiki na gida; kuma sanya tsauraran matakan ingancin walda da sarrafa carbon daidai don guje wa karaya mai ƙarancin zafin jiki. Muna kulle buƙatun gwajin tasiri a cikin kwangilar siyan dangane da yanayin zafin aikin.
Kuna buƙatar tantance tsarin tsarin karfen ku akan lambobin ƙasarku? Aiko mana wurin aikin da yanayin lodi:
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