Pambuyo pa a denga la nyumba-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). yakhazikitsidwa, imodzi mwazosavuta kunyalanyaza za O&M ndikuyeretsa.
Mapangidwe amawunikiridwa, zomangamanga zimawunikidwa, ndipo kulumikizidwa kwa gridi kumayesedwa. Koma kuyeretsa nthawi zambiri sikumakhudzidwa kwambiri. Podzafika pamene mwiniwakeyo awona kutsika kwa mphamvu zopangira magetsi, kuwonongeka kwa dothi kungakhale kochuluka kwa chaka chathunthu.
Bukhuli likuyankha mafunso atatu ofunika: Kodi mphamvu zopangira magetsi zimatayika bwanji popanda kuyeretsa? Kodi denga la BIPV liyenera kuyeretsedwa kangati? Ndipo angatsukidwe bwanji popanda kuwononga dongosolo?
Mtengo Wonyalanyaza Kutsuka: Ndi Mphamvu Zochuluka Bwanji Zomwe Zimatayika Powonongeka?
Nyengo Imatsimikizira Kuchuluka kwa Zowonongeka kwa Dothi
Kuwonongeka kwa dothi sikukhazikika. Amadalira mvula yam'deralo, fumbi loyendetsedwa ndi ndege, mbali yopendekera ya module, liwiro la mphepo, ndi zina zachilengedwe.
| Climate Zone | Kutayika kwa Dothi Pachaka | Makhalidwe Ofunikira |
| Malo abwino okhala ndi mvula pafupipafupi | 1%–2% | Kugwa kwamvula kumapereka kuyeretsa kwachilengedwe |
| Northeastern ndi Midwestern United States | 2%–4% | Nyengo dothi, ndi matalala m'nyengo yozizira |
| Southwestern United States | 4% -10% | Mvula ndi mvula yochepa |
| Madera aulimi aku Central California | 6% -12% | Ulimi fumbi pamodzi ndi youma zinthu |
| Madera ouma ku India, kuphatikiza Rajasthan | 8% -15% | Nyengo zouma zimatha mpaka miyezi isanu ndi inayi |
| Middle East | 12% -25% | Mkuntho wafumbi pafupipafupi komanso mvula yochepa kwambiri |
| Madera ouma omwe ali m'malire a Sahara | 15% -30% | Kwambiri dothi mikhalidwe |
Gawo lomwelo la PV litha kukumana ndi kuwonongeka kosiyanasiyana pachaka ku Germany ndi Saudi Arabia. Kusiyanaku kumatha kuwirikiza kakhumi. Njira zoyeretsera siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana m'misika yonse. Ayenera kupangidwa mogwirizana ndi nyengo ya m’deralo komanso mmene malo alili.
Momwe Soiling Imakhudzira Kuchita kwa PV
Dothi limakhudza kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zazikulu zitatu.
Choyamba: Kuchepetsa kufala kwa kuwala. Fumbi tinthu tating'onoting'ono timayamwa ndikuwonetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kukubwera, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumafika ku ma cell a dzuwa ndikutsitsa mphamvu.
Chachiwiri: Kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito osatsatana pomwe dothi limachulukana. Pamene kachulukidwe ka dothi kafika pamlingo wina, zotsatira zake zimatha kukhala zovuta kwambiri. Pakachulukidwe ka dothi la 20 g/m², kachulukidwe kakafupika kangachepe ndi 15% mpaka 21%, pomwe magwiridwe antchito atha kutsika ndi 15% -35%, kutengera miyeso ndi mawonekedwe azinthu zomwe zidayikidwa.
Chachitatu: Malo otentha obwera chifukwa cha dothi losafanana. Pamene madera ena a module adziunjikira dothi kwambiri kuposa ena, mthunzi pang'ono ukhoza kuchitika. Maselo amthunzi amatha kutaya mphamvu m'malo mozipanga, ndikupanga malo otentha omwe amathandizira kukalamba komanso kuwononga gawolo.
Kusanthula Kosavuta Kwambiri kwa Phindu
Ganizirani kachitidwe ka denga la 1 MW la malonda ndi mafakitale a BIPV, kutengera kutulutsa magetsi pachaka kwa 1,200 MWh ndi mtengo wamagetsi wa $0.15/kWh.
- Ndalama zamagetsi pachaka: Pafupifupi $180,000
- Kutayika kwa ndalama pakuwonongeka kwa 10% pachaka: Pafupifupi $ 18,000
- Mtengo woyeretsa pachaka pa $0.01/W: Pafupifupi $10,000
M'madera ouma, ndalama zochotsera ndalama zoyeretsera zimayambira pa 1:1.5 mpaka 1:2. M’madera amene mvula imagwa, imatha kutsika pa 1:1, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyeretsa kusakhale kwachuma.
Kodi Denga la BIPV Liyenera Kuyeretsedwa Kangati?
Khazikitsani Nthawi Yoyeretsa Mogwirizana ndi Chilengedwe
| Mikhalidwe Yachilengedwe | Momwe Mungayeretsere pafupipafupi | Mfundo zazikuluzikulu |
| Kutentha, nyengo yamvula ndi mvula yapachaka yoposa 800 mm | 1-2 pa chaka | Chotsani kwambiri zitosi za mbalame, kuyamwa kwamitengo ndi zina zoipitsitsa |
| Madera ambiri ogulitsa | 2-4 pa chaka | Ganizirani kuchuluka kwa fumbi la mafakitale |
| Madera akumidzi ndi malo omwe ali pafupi ndi misewu yayikulu | 3-4 pa chaka | Tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timayenderana ndi magalimoto amatha kumamatira kwambiri pamalo |
| Madera ouma ndi afumbi | Kamodzi pamwezi nthawi yachilimwe | Ganizirani za kuyeretsa kwina mkati mwa maola 48 pambuyo pa mkuntho wafumbi, ngati kuli kotetezeka komanso kothandiza |
| Madera ouma kwambiri ku Middle East ndi North Africa | Aliyense 1-2 milungu pa nyengo youma | Zochitika zafumbi pafupipafupi zingafunike kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri |
Mfundo imodzi yomwe nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa: Kuyeretsa pambuyo pa mkuntho wa fumbi kuyenera kukhala patsogolo kuposa ndondomeko yoyeretsa nthawi zonse. Fumbi lamphamvu kwambiri limatha kuyika fumbi lambiri momwe limaunjikira mwezi wathunthu.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Performance Ratio (PR) ngati Choyambitsa Choyeretsa
Ngati pulogalamu ya PV ili ndi pulatifomu yowunikira, kuyambitsa kuyeretsa motengera chiŵerengero cha magwiridwe antchito (PR) kutha kukhala kopanda ndalama zambiri kuposa kutsatira ndandanda yokhazikika.
Njira yothandiza ndikukhazikitsa njira yoyambira ya PR ndikuganizira kuyeretsa pamene PR yoyezedwa ikugwa ndi 2% poyerekeza ndi yoyambira. Njira iyi imathandizira kuzindikira zotayika zomwe zingawonongeke ndikupewa kuyeretsa kosafunikira.
Komabe, PR imathanso kuchepa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa inverter, kutentha kwa module, kuwonongeka kwa zida, kuwonongeka, kapena zina zogwirira ntchito. Zinthuzi ziyenera kufufuzidwa musananene kuti kuchepa kwa dothi.
Njira Zoyeretsera Padenga za BIPV: Kuyerekeza Mtengo
Njira Zodziwika Zoyeretsera
| Njira Yoyeretsera | Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi | Mtengo Wachibale | Mapulogalamu Okhazikika | Kuyeretsa Magwiridwe |
| Kuyeretsa pamanja ndi burashi yofewa ndi madzi | 1-2 L pa gawo | Pamwamba; olimbikira ntchito | Madenga ang'onoang'ono ndi ma geometri ovuta a padenga | Zabwino kwambiri |
| Maloboti otsuka | Palibe | Zapakati; ndalama zambiri zoyambira | Madenga akuluakulu, athyathyathya ndi zomera za PV zapansi | Zabwino |
| Maloboti opopera madzi | 0.5-1 L pa module | Wapakati | Denga zazikulu zamalonda ndi mafakitale | Zabwino kwambiri |
| Kuyeretsa mothandizidwa ndi drone | Zochepa | Wapamwamba | Madenga okwera kapena ovuta kulowa | Wapakati |
| Kuwumitsa burashi kapena kuchotsa fumbi pogwiritsa ntchito vibration | Palibe | Zochepa | Madera opanda madzi | Wapakati |
Mtengo woyeretsa pachaka nthawi zambiri umachokera ku $ 0.005 mpaka $ 0.02 pa watt, kutengera kupezeka kwa denga, ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndi njira yoyeretsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tiye Udindo wa Anti-Soiling zokutira
Zovala zotsutsana ndi dothi, kuphatikizapo hydrophilic ndi hydrophobic nano-coatings, sizimalola kuyeretsa. M'malo mwake, amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa dothi ndikuwonjezera nthawi yoyeretsa.
Mayeso am'munda adanenanso kuti ma module a PV okhala ndi zokutira zotsutsana ndi dothi amaunjikira 30% -40% fumbi locheperako pakati pa kuyeretsa kuposa ma module osatsekedwa. Komabe, moyo wautumiki wophimba lipoti umasiyana kwambiri, kuyambira miyezi 18-24 mpaka zaka 3-5. Kulimba kwenikweni kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi data yoyeserera ya ogulitsa.
Ngakhale zokutira zotsutsana ndi dothi zimafuna ndalama zambiri zakutsogolo, zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zoyeretsa ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu pa nthawi yayitali. M'madera ouma, afumbi, ndalamazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolondola pazachuma.
Zolakwa Zinayi Zodziwika Zoyeretsa Padenga la BIPV
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi Olimba
Ichi chikhoza kukhala chimodzi mwa zolakwika zodula kwambiri zoyeretsa.
Madzi apansi pa nthaka akakhala ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zasungunuka (TDS) zopitirira 500 ppm, madzi opopera pagalasi lotentha amatha kuswa nthunzi mwachangu, ndikusiya ma depositi a calcium ndi magnesium. Pambuyo pa kuyeretsa kwa 3-4, madipozitiwa angayambitse kutsika kwanthawi zonse kwa 2% -4% kwa ma transmittance agalasi ndipo kungakhale kovuta kapena kosatheka kuchotsa.
Mchitidwe wolangizidwa: Gwiritsani ntchito madzi a reverse-osmosis (RO) kapena madzi a deionized, ndi TDS yoyendetsedwa pansi pa 50 ppm.
Kuyeretsa Pa Kutentha Kwambiri Masana Masana
Kupopera madzi ozizira pa ma PV modules pa kutentha pamwamba pa 60 ° C kungapangitse kupanikizika kwa matenthedwe mu galasi, zomwe zingayambitse ma microcracks kapena, pazovuta kwambiri, kusweka kwa galasi.
Mchitidwe wolangizidwa: Tsukani m'mawa kapena madzulo, pamene kutentha kwa module kuli pafupi ndi kutentha kwapakati.
Kuyeretsa Kwambiri
M'malo otsika dothi, kuyeretsa pamwezi kungawononge ndalama zambiri kuposa momwe magetsi amapangira magetsi. Chodetsa nkhaŵa china ndi kuvala pamwamba. Kupukuta kowuma ndi kukanda kumatha kusiya tinthu tating'onoting'ono pagalasi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, zokopa izi zitha kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa kuwala, zomwe zingathetse ubwino woyeretsa.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zoyeretsa
Ena oyeretsa amatha kuwononga zokutira zotsutsana ndi reflective (AR) pagalasi. Zopaka za AR zimatha kusintha kufalikira kwa kuwala ndi pafupifupi 2% -3%, kutengera zomwe zapangidwa. Ngati zokutira zawonongeka, zina mwazopindulitsa izi zitha kutayika kwamuyaya.
Zoyenera kuchita: Gwiritsani ntchito madzi aukhondo ndi burashi yofewa. Pa zowononga zowuma, monga zitosi za mbalame kapena madzi amtengo, gwiritsani ntchito nsalu yofewa yonyowa ndi madzi kuti muyeretse malo omwe akhudzidwa.
Zosankha Zitatu Zomwe Zingathe Kuchepetsa Mtengo Woyeretsera
Kupendekeka kwa Padenga ndi Njira za Ngalande
Denga lopendekeka la 15° kapena kupitirira apo limatha kupindula ndi madzi osefukira mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka, zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa fumbi losanjikizana ndi kukonza kuyeretsa mwachilengedwe pakagwa mvula yoyenera.
Njira zoyendetsera ngalande ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti ziteteze madzi oima. Madzi osasunthika akaphwanyidwa, amatha kusiya madontho amadzi ndi ma mineral deposits omwe ndi ovuta kuchotsa kuposa fumbi lotayirira.
Kuyeretsa Njira Zolowera
Kwa madenga akuluakulu, njira zoyeretsera ndi njira zotetezeka ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzojambula kuyambira pachiyambi. Popanda mayendedwe odzipatulira olowera, ndalama zoyeretsera zimatha kuwirikiza kawiri chifukwa zida sizingafike padenga bwino ndipo mapaipi sangatseke madera onse.
Chitetezo chiyeneranso kuganiziridwa, kuphatikizapo zitsulo zotetezera, malo otetezera moyo, ndi njira zoyenera zotetezera kugwa.
Maintenance kugwirizana
Sungani malo olumikizira madzi, zotengera ngalande, ndi malo osungira zida. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuziphatikiza pakumanga. Kubwezeretsanso pambuyo potumiza kungafunike kusinthidwa kwa denga lomalizidwa, kuonjezera mtengo ndi kusokonezeka kwa ntchito.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Q1: Kodi madenga a BIPV amafunika kuyeretsedwa? Kodi ndizosiyana bwanji ndi machitidwe wamba a PV?
Inde. Popeza ma module a BIPV amapanga gawo la denga lokha, kuyeretsa kuyenera kuganizira osati kungopanga magetsi komanso mawonekedwe a denga ndi kutsekereza madzi. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti ma module a BIPV nthawi zambiri samapangidwa kuti azithandizira kuyenda kwamapazi, ndipo zinthu zina zimakhala ndi malire onyamula katundu. Njira zoyeretsera zolowera ndi njira ziyenera kupangidwira mwachindunji dongosolo.
Q2: Kodi mvula ingalowe m'malo oyeretsa pamanja?
Pang'ono. Mvula imatha kutsuka fumbi lotayirira, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yosagwira ntchito polimbana ndi zowononga zowuma monga zitosi za mbalame, madzi amitengo, ndi zotsalira zamafuta a m’mafakitale. Ngakhale m'madera amvula, kuyeretsa pamanja kungakhale kofunikira 1-2 pachaka.
Q3: Kodi kuyeretsa kungawononge ma module a PV?
Kuyeretsa koyenera kuyenera kuchepetsa kuwonongeka. Zowopsa zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo ma depositi amchere omwe amayamba chifukwa cha madzi olimba, kupsinjika kwa kutentha kuchokera pakuyeretsa ma module otentha ndi madzi ozizira, ndi zokopa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zida zowononga kapena maburashi olimba. Kutsatira malangizo a wopanga ndikupewa machitidwewa kungathandize kuteteza ma module.
Gwiritsani ntchito njira yosavuta iyi: Kuyeretsa Mtengo Wagawo = Mtengo Wapachaka Woyeretsa ÷ (Kutayika kwa Dothi Pachaka × Ndalama Zamagetsi Pachaka)
Chiŵerengero chomwe chili pansi pa 1 chikusonyeza kuti ndalama zomwe zingabwezedwe zikupitirira mtengo woyeretsa, kutanthauza kuti kuyeretsa kungakhale kopindulitsa. M'madera ouma, chiŵerengerocho chikhoza kukhala cha 0.5, pamene kumadera amvula chikhoza kuyandikira kapena kupitirira 1.
Q5: Kodi zokutira zotsutsana ndi dothi ndizofunikira ndalama?
Zitha kukhala zothandiza m'madera omwe kuwonongeka kwa dothi pachaka kumadutsa 8%. Mayeso ena am'munda adanenanso kuti zokutira zotsutsana ndi dothi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa fumbi ndi 30% -40%, zomwe zitha kutsitsa pafupipafupi kuyeretsa. M'madera omwe ali ndi dothi lochepa, komabe phindu la ndalama likhoza kukhala lochepa.
Mukufuna njira yoyeretsera yogwirizana ndi malo a projekiti ya BIPV?
Imelo: info@xzbesta.com
