Kusintha kwa mphamvu ku Central Asia si nkhani yatsopano. Kwa zaka ziwiri zapitazi, komabe, kukambirana kwasintha kuchoka pa "kukonzekera" kupita "kukomera".
Mu theka loyamba la 2026, mayiko asanu a ku Central Asia adapereka 8.7 GW ya PV ya dzuwa ndi mapulojekiti osungira mphamvu, zomwe zikuyimira kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 127%. Chiwerengerocho chikuyembekezeka kupitilira 15 GW pachaka chonse. Zaka zisanu zapitazo, ochepa akanakhulupirira kuti msika ukhoza kufika pamlingo uwu.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kusintha kwa misewu m'magawo atatu ofunikira: mphamvu zokhazikitsidwa ndi zolinga, zolepheretsa zenizeni mu gridi zomangamanga ndi kusanja magetsi, komanso msika wamigodi wocheperako.
Kutha Kuyika ndi Zolinga: Nambala Choyamba
Kuthekera kokhazikitsidwa kuyambira koyambirira kwa 2026
Pofika pa Januware 1, 2026, Kazakhstan inali ndi pafupifupi 3,746 MW ya mphamvu zowonjezera zowonjezera, kuphatikiza 1,353 MW ya solar PV ndi 2,071 MW yamphamvu yamphepo.
Nthawi yomweyo, Uzbekistan inali ndi 3,347 MW ya solar PV, 1,652 MW yamphamvu yamphepo, ndi 897 MW ya mphamvu yosungira mphamvu ya batire.
| Dziko | Mphamvu ya Solar PV (MW) | Mphamvu ya Wind Power (MW) | Kusungirako Mphamvu (MW / MWh) | 2030 Cholinga |
| Kazakhstan | 1,353 | 2,071 | — | Pafupifupi 16 GW ya mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, zomwe zimawerengera 15% ya kusakaniza kwa mphamvu |
| Uzbekistan | 3,347 | 1,652 | 897 | 8.64 GW ya solar PV, 17 GW yamphamvu yamphepo, ndi 7 GWh yosungirako mphamvu |
| Kyrgyzstan | 250 (kuthekera kokonzekera) | — | — | 3-4 GW yowonjezera pazaka 2-3 zikubwerazi |
| Tajikistan | 250 (yakonzekera kubwera pa intaneti kumapeto kwa chaka) | — | — | Mphamvu ya Hydropower idakali yofunika kwambiri |
Zolinga Ndi Zofuna Kwambiri Kuposa Zomwe Zilipo Panopa
Kazakhstan ikukonzekera kubweretsa pafupifupi 16 GW ya mphamvu zongowonjezera mphamvu pa intaneti pofika chaka cha 2030, kutsata gawo la 15% la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Cholinga chikukwera mpaka 50% pofika 2050.
Uzbekistan ili ndi zolinga zazikulu kwambiri. Pofika chaka cha 2030, ikufuna kufikira 8.64 GW ya solar PV ndi 17 GW yamphamvu yamphepo, yokhala ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo yapafupifupi 21 GW ndi gawo lamagetsi ongowonjezedwanso la 54%.
Malinga ndi zomwe boma la Uzbekistan linanena, kukwaniritsa zolinga za 2030 kumatha kupulumutsa pafupifupi ma kiyubiki metres 18 biliyoni a gasi wachilengedwe pachaka ndikuchepetsa mpweya wotuluka ndi matani pafupifupi 25 miliyoni pachaka.
Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku 3 GW kufika ku 21 GW kumatanthauza kuwonjezereka kasanu ndi kawiri. Kukula kumeneku sikungangowonjezeredwa ku gridi yomwe ilipo; Mafayilo otumizira ndi kulinganiza mphamvu ziyeneranso kukwezedwa.
Chowonadi cha Central Asia's Power Structure
Kudalira Mphamvu Kwapamwamba Kwambiri ndi Kusinthasintha Kwapang'onopang'ono
Central Asian Power System (CAPS) imadalira kwambiri mphamvu yamafuta ndi mphamvu yamadzi. Mbadwo wa malasha wakhala ukugwira ntchito yoposa 60% ya kusakaniza kwa magetsi ku Kazakhstan, pamene Uzbekistan imadalira kwambiri magetsi opangidwa ndi gasi.
Mafakitale opangira magetsi otenthetsera amapereka mphamvu zonyamula katundu koma nthawi zambiri amayankha pang'onopang'ono kusintha kwachangu pakufunika kwa magetsi ndi kupezeka. Pamene mphamvu zambiri za mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa zimalowa mu gridi, makinawa amafunikira kuthamangitsidwa mofulumira ndi kugwirizanitsa mphamvu - ndendende kumene mphamvu yomwe ilipo ikukumana ndi zovuta zake zazikulu.
Zomangamanga za Gridi Yokalamba ndi Kuperewera kwa Mphamvu za Chilimwe
Zambiri mwazinthu zotumizira ndi kugawa ku Central Asia zidamangidwa munthawi ya Soviet. Zida zokalamba ndi kutayika kwa kachilomboka kumakhalabe mavuto ambiri. M'nyengo yachilimwe, kufunikira kwa zoziziritsa mpweya kumaphatikizana ndi zothirira zaulimi, ndipo madera angapo akumana ndi zoletsa magetsi.
Izi zimathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake kugula mphamvu zosungirako magetsi kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Dalaivala sikuti amangotsatira mfundo za boma. Popanda kusungirako kokwanira, kuphatikiza mapulojekiti akuluakulu a mphepo ndi dzuwa mu dongosolo lamagetsi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Zosintha pa Msika wa Tender Renewable Energy
Kuwonjezeka Kwambiri kwa Project Scale
Mu theka loyamba la 2026, mayiko asanu a ku Central Asia adapereka 8.7 GW ya PV ya dzuwa ndi mapulojekiti osungira mphamvu, zomwe zikuyimira kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 127%.
Ndi dziko, Kazakhstan payokha idapereka ma projekiti atatu ophatikizika a solar-plus-storage mgawo lachiwiri la 2026, okhala ndi mphamvu zophatikiza 2.3 GW ndi zopitilira 900 MWh zothandizira kusungirako mphamvu. Unduna wa Zamagetsi ku Uzbekistan udalengeza payipi yogula yomwe imakhala ndi 3.1 GW ya mphamvu ya 2026-2027.
Kusungirako Mphamvu Kukukhala Mokhazikika M'malo Mongofuna Kusankha
Kusintha kumodzi kwakukulu ndikuti ndalama zogulira mphamvu zogulira mphamvu zadutsa 30% ya mtengo wonse wa polojekiti kwa nthawi yoyamba.
| Kuthekera Kwakukonzekera Kubwera Pa intaneti ku Uzbekistan mu 2026 | Mphamvu (MW) | Gawani |
| Solar PV | 2,800 | 41% |
| Mphamvu Yotentha | 2,500 | 37% |
| Mphamvu ya Mphepo | 470 | 7% |
| Mphamvu yamadzi | 68 | 1% |
| Kusungirako Mphamvu | 884 | 13% |
| Zonse | 6,770 | 100% |
Mayankho ophatikizika a solar-plus-storage akukhala muyezo mdera lonselo. Kwa ogulitsa zida, izi zikutanthauza kuti mwayi wamsika wogulitsa ma module a PV okha ukuchepa. Otsatsa omwe angathe kupereka yankho lathunthu - ma PV modules + energy storage + support structures + grid integration —akukhala bwino kwambiri.
Ntchito Zamigodi ndi Mphamvu za Off-Grid: Msika Wochepera
Central Asia ili ndi ntchito zambiri zamigodi zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa gridi yamagetsi, ndipo zina zimagwira ntchito kunja kwa gridi. Masambawa amagawana zinthu zitatu zofunika:
- Kuchita mosalekeza:Zida zopangira migodi ndi mchere nthawi zambiri zimayenda maola 24 patsiku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azikhala okhazikika.
- Zofunikira zodalirika kwambiri:Kuzimitsidwa kwa magetsi kungapangitse mwachindunji kutayika kwa kupanga.
- Kudalira kwambiri dizilo:Migodi yopanda gridi nthawi zambiri imadalira seti ya jenereta ya dizilo, pomwe mayendedwe amafuta ndi mayendedwe amawononga ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito.
Economics Ndi Yofunika Kwambiri Kuposa Ubwino Wachilengedwe
Pantchito zamigodi, dalaivala wamkulu pakutengera solar PV sikuchepetsa kaboni - ndiye mtengo wokwanira wamagetsi.
M'migodi yakutali yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita oposa 200 kuchokera ku gridi yapafupi, mtengo wamagetsi opangidwa ndi dizilo ukhoza kuchoka pa $ 0.40 mpaka $ 1.00 / kWh. Kwa migodi yomwe ili pafupi ndi gridi, mtengo wake ukhoza kuchoka pa $ 0.12 mpaka $ 0.20 / kWh. Pamene jenereta dizilo ntchito pa katundu otsika, mafuta zinyalala akhoza kufika 20% -40%.
Kuphatikiza PV ya dzuwa ndi kusungirako mphamvu ndi ma jenereta a dizilo omwe alipo mu hybrid microgrid kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pafupifupi 40%. Ngati chuma chikugwira ntchito, ntchitoyi ili ndi chilimbikitso champhamvu chamalonda kuti chipite patsogolo.
Kutentha kwanyengo yachisanu ku Central Asia kumabweretsa chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri pantchito zamigodi. Zida ziyenera kukhala zoyamba ndi kugwira ntchito modalirika pansi pa -20 ° C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwapansi kukhale njira yofunikira yosankha.
Mwayi ndi Zovuta Zamakampani aku China
Mwayi Siwongokhudza Mitengo ya PV Module
Kutumiza kwa gawo la PV ku China kupita ku Central Asia kunakula ndi 180% pachaka mu theka loyamba la 2026. Mitengo ya modules yakhala yowonekera kwambiri, ndikusiya malo ochepa osiyanitsa kupyolera mu mpikisano wamtengo wapatali wokha.
Ubwino weniweni wampikisano uli pakutha kutumiza:
- Kodi gulu lojambula lingapange zojambula motsatira miyezo ya komweko, kuphatikiza ma code aku Europe, Russian, kapena dziko?
- Kodi zida zamapangidwe zitha kutumizidwa zonse molingana ndi dongosolo la polojekiti, kuchepetsa kuchedwa kwapamalo?
- Kodi kukhazikitsa pamalopo kungamalizidwe popanda kudalira amisiri aluso am'deralo?
Zopinga Zitatu Zothandizira Kulowa Msika
Cholepheretsa 1: Miyezo ndi Ma Code. Ma projekiti aku Central Asia nthawi zambiri amafunikira kutsata miyezo yaku Europe (EN 1993 / EN 1090) kapena miyezo yaku Russia (SNiP). Zojambula ndi mawerengedwe apangidwe ziyenera kusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi ndondomeko yoyenera. Kuthekera kwa gulu lopanga kupanga pamiyezo ingapo kungatsimikizire mwachindunji ngati kampani ikuyenerera projekiti.
Chotchinga 2: Kuchotsa Katundu ndi Katundu. Mayiko aku Central Asia ali ndi malire. Akafika padoko, katundu angafunike kuyenda pamtunda wa makilomita oposa 2,000. Miyeso ya zigawo ndi kuyika ziyenera kuwerengera zoletsa za njanji ndi misewu.
Chotchinga 3: Windows yomanga. Central Asia imakhala ndi nyengo yayitali, ndipo nthawi yomanga yogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala miyezi 6-8 yokha. Madongosolo a mapulojekiti akuyenera kuwerengera malire awa m'malo motsatira nthawi yomanga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ofunda.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Q1: Kodi madalaivala akuluakulu a msika wa PV ku Central Asia ndi ati?
Pali madalaivala atatu akuluakulu: kufunikira kwa magetsi, kukalamba kwa magetsi oyaka moto komanso kusowa kwa magetsi achilimwe, ndikufotokozera momveka bwino zomwe boma likufuna komanso zolimbikitsa msonkho. Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ku Uzbekistan kukuyembekezeka kufika 123 biliyoni kWh pofika chaka cha 2035. Ntchito zongowonjezera mphamvu ku Uzbekistan zithanso kukhala zoyenerera kumasulidwa ku msonkho wa katundu ndi msonkho wa malo kwa zaka 10.
Q2: Chifukwa chiyani kusungirako mphamvu kumakhala kofunika kwambiri ku Central Asia?
Pamene gawo la mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa likuwonjezeka, gridiyi imafunikira mphamvu yogwirizanitsa mofulumira. Kugula kwamagetsi kopitilira 30% ya mtengo wonse wa projekiti kukuwonetsa kusintha kuchokera pakusankha kowonjezera kupita ku gawo lalikulu la kuphatikiza grid.
Q3: Ndi njira yanji yoyenera yamagetsi pama projekiti amigodi opanda gridi?
Makina osakanizidwa a microgrid ophatikiza solar PV, kusungirako mphamvu, ndi majenereta a dizilo omwe alipo omwe amasungidwa ngati zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi njira yothandiza. Kusintha kumeneku kungathe kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta pafupifupi 40% komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya jenereta yofunikira ya dizilo kufika pa 30% -50% ya mlingo woyambirira. Chinsinsi ndi dongosolo lolamulira lomwe limatha kusinthana pakati pa magwero a mphamvu.
Q4: Ndi ndani omwe amapikisana nawo kwambiri pamakampani aku China pamsika wakumaloko?
Omwe akupikisana nawo akuphatikiza makampani aku Europe, Turkey, ndi South Korea, komanso makampani opanga uinjiniya. Makampani aku China amapindula ndi maunyolo ophatikizika ophatikizika komanso kutumiza mwachangu, koma amatha kukumana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi ntchito zam'deralo komanso kuzolowera miyezo yakumaloko.
Q5: Ndi ziphaso ziti zomwe zimafunikira kuti mulowe msika waku Central Asia?
Zazitsulo zazitsulo, mapulojekiti nthawi zambiri amafunikira EN 1090 (chizindikiritso cha CE) ndi satifiketi yoyang'anira dongosolo monga ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ndi ISO 45001. Ma module a PV nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti IEC 61215 ndi IEC 61730 zitsatire. Ntchito zina zimafunikiranso kuwunika kwa fakitale ya gulu lachitatu, monga zomwe zimachitidwa ndi SGS kapena BV.
Muli ndi mafunso okhudza ntchito zamagetsi ku Central Asia? Lumikizanani nafe pa info@xzbesta.com
