Guhindura ingufu muri Aziya yo hagati ntabwo ari ingingo nshya. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, ariko, ikiganiro cyahindutse kuva "gutegura" kijya "gutanga isoko."
Mu gice cya mbere cya 2026, ibihugu bitanu byo muri Aziya yo hagati byatanze isoko rya 8.7 GW ry’izuba PV n’imishinga yo kubika ingufu, bivuze ko umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 127%. Igiteranyo giteganijwe kurenga 15 GW umwaka wose. Imyaka itanu irashize, bake bari kwizera ko isoko rishobora kugera kuriyi ntera.
Iyi ngingo isenya inzira yinzibacyuho mubice bitatu byingenzi: ubushobozi bwashyizweho nintego, inzitizi nyazo mubikorwa remezo bya gride no kuringaniza amashanyarazi, hamwe nisoko ridafite agaciro gashingiye kumasoko.
Ubushobozi bwashyizweho nintego: Imibare Yambere
Ubushobozi bwashyizweho guhera muntangiriro ya 2026
Guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2026, Qazaqistan yari ifite MW 3,746 z'amashanyarazi yongerewe ingufu, harimo MW 1,353 z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba na MW 2.071 z'amashanyarazi.
Muri icyo gihe kimwe, Uzubekisitani yari ifite MW 3,347 z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, MW 1.652 z'umuyaga, na 897 MW zo kubika ingufu za batiri.
| Igihugu | Ubushobozi bw'izuba PV (MW) | Ubushobozi bw'Umuyaga (MW) | Ububiko bw'ingufu (MW / MWh) | 2030 Intego |
| Qazaqistan | 1,353 | 2,071 | — | Hafi ya 16 GW yingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, bingana na 15% byingufu zivanze |
| Uzubekisitani | 3,347 | 1,652 | 897 | 8.64 GW yizuba PV, 17 GW yingufu zumuyaga, na 7 GWh yo kubika ingufu |
| Kirigizisitani | 250 (ubushobozi buteganijwe burimo gutezwa imbere) | — | — | Inyongera ya 3-4 GW mumyaka 2-3 iri imbere |
| Tajikistan | 250 (biteganijwe kuza kumurongo umwaka urangiye) | — | — | Amashanyarazi akomeje kwibandwaho |
Intego Zirarenze Kurenza Ubushobozi Bwubu
Kazakisitani irateganya kuzana hafi 16 GW y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu kuri interineti bitarenze 2030, igamije 15% by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Intego izamuka igera kuri 50% muri 2050.
Uzubekisitani ifite intego zikomeye. Kugeza mu 2030, ifite intego yo kugera kuri GW 8,64 z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba na 17 GW z'ingufu z'umuyaga, hamwe n'izuba hamwe n'umuyaga bihwanye na 21 GW hamwe n'umugabane w'amashanyarazi ushobora kuvugururwa wa 54%.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na guverinoma ya Uzubekisitani, kugera ku ntego 2030 bishobora kuzigama metero kibe miliyari 18 za gaze gasanzwe buri mwaka kandi bikagabanya toni zigera kuri miliyoni 25 ku mwaka.
Kongera ubushobozi kuva 3 GW kugeza kuri 21 GW bisobanura kwaguka karindwi. Iri terambere ntirishobora kongerwaho gusa kuri gride ihari; ibikorwa remezo byohereza hamwe nubushobozi bwo kuringaniza imbaraga nabyo bigomba kuzamurwa.
Ukuri kwimiterere yimbaraga za Aziya yo hagati
Ubushyuhe Bwinshi Bwinshi Bwishingikirije hamwe nubworoherane buke
Sisitemu yo muri Aziya yo Hagati (CAPS) ishingiye cyane cyane ku mbaraga z'amashanyarazi na hydropower. Amashanyarazi y’amakara yabayeho mu mateka arenga 60% by’amashanyarazi ya Qazaqistan, mu gihe Uzubekisitani yishingikiriza cyane ku mashanyarazi asanzwe akoreshwa na gaze.
Amashanyarazi yubushyuhe atanga imbaraga za baseload ariko muri rusange yitabira buhoro buhoro impinduka zihuse zikenewe kumashanyarazi no gutanga. Mugihe ingano nini yumuyaga nizuba byinjira muri gride, sisitemu ikenera kwihuta no kuringaniza ubushobozi - mubyukuri aho ingufu zisanzwe zihura nibibazo bikomeye.
Imyaka ya Grid Ibikorwa Remezo hamwe nimbaraga zo mu mpeshyi
Byinshi mu bikorwa remezo byo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza muri Aziya yo hagati byubatswe mu gihe cy’Abasoviyeti. Ibikoresho byo gusaza no gutakaza bikomeje kuba ibibazo. Mu gihe cy'izuba ryinshi, icyifuzo gikonjesha gikomatanya n'imizigo yo kuhira imyaka, kandi uturere twinshi twagize amashanyarazi.
Ibi bifasha gusobanura impamvu amasoko yo kubika ingufu yabaye ingenzi cyane. Umushoferi ntabwo yubahiriza politiki ya leta gusa. Hatabayeho ububiko buhagije, kwinjiza imishinga minini yumuyaga nizuba muri sisitemu yingufu biba bigoye cyane.
Impinduka mumasoko yingufu zisoko
Kwiyongera gukabije mubipimo byimishinga
Mu gice cya mbere cya 2026, ibihugu bitanu byo muri Aziya yo Hagati byatanze 8.7 GW y’izuba PV n’imishinga yo kubika ingufu, bivuze ko umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 127%.
Mu gihugu, Qazaqistan yigenga yatanze imishinga itatu ihuriweho n’izuba-hongeweho-kubika mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2026, ifite ingufu zingana na 2.3 GW na MW zirenga 900 zo gushyigikira kubika ingufu. Minisiteri y’ingufu ya Uzubekisitani yatangaje umuyoboro w’amasoko urimo 3.1 GW yubushobozi bwa 2026–2027.
Ububiko bw'ingufu burimo kuba busanzwe aho guhitamo
Impinduka imwe yingenzi nuko amafaranga yo kugura ingufu zo kubika yarenze 30% yumushinga wose wambere.
| Ubushobozi buteganijwe kuza kumurongo muri Uzubekisitani muri 2026 | Ubushobozi (MW) | Sangira |
| Imirasire y'izuba | 2,800 | 41% |
| Imbaraga zumuriro | 2,500 | 37% |
| Imbaraga z'umuyaga | 470 | 7% |
| Amashanyarazi | 68 | 1% |
| Ububiko bw'ingufu | 884 | 13% |
| Igiteranyo | 6,770 | 100% |
Imirasire y'izuba-yongeyeho-kubika ibisubizo biragenda biba akarere mu karere. Kubatanga ibikoresho, bivuze ko amahirwe yisoko ryo kugurisha moderi ya PV yonyine arimo kugabanuka. Abatanga ubushobozi bashoboye gutanga igisubizo cyuzuye - PV modules + ububiko bwingufu + ibikoresho byunganira + guhuza imiyoboro - birahagaze neza.
Ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro hamwe na Off-Grid: Isoko ridahabwa agaciro
Aziya yo hagati ifite ibikorwa byinshi byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro biherereye ku nkombe z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi, hamwe na bimwe bikora bidafite amashanyarazi. Izi mbuga zisangiye ibintu bitatu byingenzi:
- Igikorwa gikomeje:Ibikoresho byo gucukura no gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro akenshi bikora amasaha 24 kuri 24, bigatuma amashanyarazi akenera neza.
- Ibisabwa byizewe cyane:Umuriro w'amashanyarazi urashobora kuvamo igihombo cy'umusaruro.
- Kwishingikiriza cyane kuri mazutu:Ibirombe bidafite amashanyarazi bikunze gushingira kumashanyarazi ya mazutu, mugihe ubwikorezi bwa lisansi hamwe nibikoresho bifite uruhare runini rwibikorwa.
Ubukungu Bwingenzi Kurenza Inyungu Zibidukikije
Kubikorwa byubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, umushoferi nyamukuru wo gukoresha izuba PV ntabwo ari ugabanya karubone - ni igiciro cy’amashanyarazi.
Ku birombe bya kure biherereye kuri kilometero zirenga 200 uvuye hafi ya gride yegeranye, igiciro cyose cyamashanyarazi akomoka kuri mazutu gishobora kuva kuri $ 0.40 kugeza $ 1.00 / kWt. Ibirombe byegereye gride, igiciro gishobora kuva kuri $ 0.12 kugeza $ 0.20 / kWt. Iyo moteri ya mazutu ikorera mumitwaro mike, imyanda ya lisansi irashobora kugera kuri 20% –40%.
Gukomatanya izuba PV hamwe nububiko bwingufu hamwe na moteri ya mazutu isanzwe muri microgrid irashobora kugabanya gukoresha lisansi hafi 40%. Niba ubukungu bukora, umushinga ufite imbaraga zikomeye zubucuruzi zo gutera imbere.
Ubushyuhe bukabije bwa Aziya yo Hagati butangiza ikindi kintu gikomeye mumishinga yubucukuzi. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo gutangira no gukora byizewe munsi ya −20 ° C, bigatuma imikorere yubushyuhe buke iba igipimo cyingenzi cyo guhitamo.
Amahirwe n'imbogamizi ku masosiyete y'Ubushinwa
Amahirwe Ntabwo Yerekeye Ibiciro bya PV gusa
Ubushinwa bwa PV bwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Aziya yo hagati bwiyongereyeho 180% umwaka ku mwaka mu gice cya mbere cya 2026.Ibiciro by’amasomo byabaye mucyo cyane, hasigara umwanya muto wo gutandukanya binyuze mu guhatanira ibiciro byonyine.
Ibyiza byo guhatanira inyungu biri mubushobozi bwo gutanga:
- Itsinda rishinzwe gushushanya rishobora gukora ibishushanyo byubahiriza ibipimo byaho, harimo iburayi, ikirusiya, cyangwa amategeko yigihugu?
- Ibice byubatswe birashobora koherezwa byuzuye ukurikije gahunda yumushinga, bikagabanya gutinda kurubuga?
- Kwiyubaka kurubuga birashobora kurangira udashingiye cyane kubatekinisiye baho bafite ubuhanga buhanitse?
Inzitizi eshatu zifatika zo kwinjiza isoko
Inzitizi 1: Ibipimo na Kode. Imishinga yo muri Aziya yo hagati isaba kubahiriza amahame yuburayi (EN 1993 / EN 1090) cyangwa uburusiya (SNiP). Igishushanyo nuburyo bwo kubara bigomba guhuzwa na sisitemu ikoreshwa. Ubushobozi bwikipe yubushakashatsi bwo gukora mubipimo byinshi birashobora kumenya neza niba sosiyete yujuje umushinga.
Inzitizi 2: Ibikoresho na gasutamo. Ibihugu byo muri Aziya yo Hagati ntibifite inkombe. Nyuma yo kugera ku cyambu, imizigo irashobora gukenera gukora ibirometero birenga 2000 kubutaka. Ibipimo hamwe nibipfunyika bigomba kubara inzira ya gari ya moshi no gutwara abantu.
Inzitizi 3: Kubaka Windows. Aziya yo hagati ifite imbeho ndende, kandi igihe cyubwubatsi cyiza kimara amezi 6-8 gusa. Gahunda yumushinga igomba kubara kuriyi mbogamizi aho gukurikiza igihe cyubwubatsi gikunze gukoreshwa mukarere gashyuha.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Q1: Nibihe bintu nyamukuru bitera isoko ya PV yo muri Aziya yo hagati?
Hariho ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi: kwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi, gusaza ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi no kubura amashanyarazi mu cyi, no gusobanura neza intego za leta hamwe no gutanga imisoro. Biteganijwe ko amashanyarazi ya Uzubekisitani azagera kuri miliyari 123 kWh mu 2035. Imishinga y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa muri Uzubekisitani irashobora kandi kwemererwa gusonerwa imisoro ku mutungo n’imisoro y’ubutaka mu myaka 10.
Q2: Kuki kubika ingufu biba ngombwa muri Aziya yo hagati?
Mugihe umugabane wumuyaga nizuba byiyongera, gride ikenera imbaraga-zihuse zo kuringaniza ubushobozi. Amasoko yo kubika ingufu arenga 30% yumushinga wose agaciro byerekana ko uhindutse uva mubyifuzo byongeweho kubintu byingenzi bigize urusobe.
Q3: Ni ikihe gisubizo kiboneye cy’imishinga icukura amabuye y'agaciro?
Imvange ya microgrid ihuza izuba PV, kubika ingufu, hamwe na moteri ya mazutu ihari yagumishijwe nkibisubizo ni amahitamo afatika. Iboneza rishobora kugabanya gukoresha lisansi hafi 40% kandi birashobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwa moteri ya mazutu ikenewe kugeza 30% –50% byurwego rwambere. Urufunguzo ni uburyo bwo kugenzura bushobora guhinduka neza hagati yamashanyarazi.
Q4: Ninde uhanganye cyane namasosiyete yubushinwa kumasoko yaho?
Abanywanyi nyamukuru barimo amasosiyete y’iburayi, Turukiya, na Koreya yepfo, ndetse n’ibigo by’ubwubatsi byaho. Ibigo byabashinwa byungukira kumurongo wogutanga hamwe no gutanga byihuse, ariko birashobora guhura nibibazo bijyanye na serivisi zaho no kumenyera ibipimo byaho.
Q5: Ni izihe mpamyabumenyi zisabwa kugirango zinjire ku isoko ryo muri Aziya yo hagati?
Kubyuma, imishinga ikenera EN 1090 (ikimenyetso cya CE) hamwe nicyemezo cya sisitemu yo gucunga nka ISO 9001, ISO 14001, na ISO 45001. Module ya PV isaba kubahiriza IEC 61215 na IEC 61730. Imishinga imwe isaba kandi ubugenzuzi bwuruganda rwagatatu, nkibikorwa na SGS cyangwa BV.
Ufite ibibazo bijyanye n'imishinga y'ingufu muri Aziya yo hagati? Twandikire kuri info@xzbesta.com
