Nyuma ya inyubako ihuriweho na Photovoltaics (BIPV) igisenge yashyizweho, kimwe mubikorwa byoroshye kwirengagizwa O&M ni ugusukura.
Igishushanyo kirimo gusubirwamo, ubwubatsi burasuzumwa, kandi umurongo wa gride urageragezwa. Ariko isuku akenshi ititaweho cyane. Mugihe nyirubwite abonye igabanuka ryamashanyarazi, igihombo cyubutaka gishobora kuba cyarundanyije umwaka wose.
Aka gatabo karasubiza ibibazo bitatu byingenzi: Kubyara ingufu zingana iki utabanje gukora isuku? Ni kangahe igisenge cya BIPV kigomba gusukurwa? Nigute ishobora gusukurwa itangiza sisitemu?
Igiciro cyo Kwirengagiza Isuku: Ingufu zingahe zabuze kubutaka?
Ikirere kigena igipimo cy'igihombo cy'ubutaka
Igihombo cyubutaka ntabwo giteganijwe. Biterwa nimvura yaho, ubukonje bwo mu kirere, module ihengamye, umuvuduko wumuyaga, nibindi bidukikije.
| Ikirere | Gutakaza Ubutaka bwa buri mwaka | Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga |
| Isuku yikirere hamwe nimvura nyinshi | 1% –2% | Imvura itanga isuku ryinshi |
| Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba na Midwestern Amerika | 2% –4% | Ubutaka bwigihe, hamwe na shelegi mugihe cyitumba |
| Amajyepfo y'Uburengerazuba bwa Amerika | 4% –10% | Ibihe by'imvura n'imvura igarukira |
| Ahantu ho guhinga muri Californiya | 6% –12% | Umukungugu wubuhinzi uhujwe nubushyuhe |
| Uturere twumutse two mubuhinde, harimo na Rajasthan | 8% –15% | Ibihe byumye birashobora kumara amezi icyenda |
| Uburasirazuba bwo hagati | 12% –25% | Imvura ivumbi kenshi nimvura igarukira cyane |
| Agace gacye cyane gahana imbibi na Sahara | 15% –30% | Ubutaka bukabije |
Module imwe ya PV irashobora guhura nubutaka butandukanye bwumwaka mubudage na Arabiya Sawudite. Itandukaniro rirashobora kuba inshuro zirenga icumi. Ingamba zo gukora isuku ntizigomba gukoreshwa kimwe kumasoko. Bakeneye guhuzwa nikirere cyaho hamwe n’imiterere yaho.
Uburyo Ubutaka bugira ingaruka kumikorere ya PV
Ubutaka bugira ingaruka kumashanyarazi binyuze muburyo butatu bwingenzi.
Icya mbere: Kugabanya itumanaho. Umukungugu wumukungugu ukurura kandi ukagaragaza urumuri rwizuba ruza, bikagabanya urumuri rugera kumirasire yizuba no kugabanya ingufu zamashanyarazi.
Icyakabiri: Imikorere idahwitse igabanuka nkuko ubutaka bwirundanya. Iyo ubwinshi bwubutaka bugeze kurwego runaka, ingaruka kumikorere zirashobora gukomera cyane. Ku butaka bw’ubutaka bwa 20 g / m², umuyoboro mugari urashobora kugabanukaho 15% –21%, mugihe imikorere ishobora kugabanukaho 15% –35%, bitewe nibizamini hamwe nibiranga ibikoresho byabitswe.
Icya gatatu: Ahantu hashyushye haterwa nubutaka butaringaniye. Iyo uduce tumwe na tumwe twa module twirundanyije cyane umwanda kurenza utundi, igicucu cyigice gishobora kubaho. Igicucu kigicucu gishobora gukwirakwiza imbaraga aho kubyara, gukora ahantu hashyushye byihuta byihuta gusaza kandi bishobora kwangiza module.
Isesengura ryoroshye-Inyungu
Tekereza kuri MW 1 yubucuruzi ninganda BIPV hejuru yinzu, urebye amashanyarazi yumwaka angana na MW 1200 hamwe nigiciro cyamashanyarazi $ 0.15 / kWt.
- Amashanyarazi yumwaka yinjiza: Hafi $ 180.000
- Igihombo cyinjira ku gihombo cyubutaka bwa 10% buri mwaka: Hafi $ 18,000
- Buri mwaka igiciro cyogusukura $ 0.01 / W: Hafi $ 10,000
Mu turere twumutse, kugaruka kumafaranga yo gukora isuku mubisanzwe kuva kuri 1: 1.5 kugeza 1: 2. Mu turere tw’imvura, irashobora kugwa munsi ya 1: 1, bigatuma isuku idakorwa neza.
Ni kangahe Igisenge cya BIPV gikwiye gusukurwa?
Shiraho Isuku Yumwanya Ukurikije Ibidukikije
| Ibidukikije | Igitekerezo cyo Gusukura Inshuro | Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi |
| Ikirere gishyushye, imvura hamwe nimvura yumwaka hejuru ya mm 800 | Inshuro 1-2 mu mwaka | Ahanini ukureho inyoni zitonyanga, igiti cyibiti, nibindi byanduza bikomeza |
| Inganda rusange | Inshuro 2-4 mu mwaka | Reba igipimo cyo guta ivumbi mu nganda |
| Ibisagara hamwe nibibanza hafi yumuhanda munini | Inshuro 3-4 mu mwaka | Ibice bifitanye isano nurujya n'uruza birashobora gukomera cyane hejuru yimiterere |
| Uturere twumutse kandi twuzuye ivumbi | Rimwe mu kwezi mugihe cyizuba | Reba isuku yinyongera mugihe cyamasaha 48 nyuma yumuyaga wumukungugu, mugihe umutekano kandi ufatika |
| Uturere twumutse cyane muburasirazuba bwo hagati na Afrika ya ruguru | Buri byumweru 1-2 mugihe cyizuba | Umukungugu kenshi birashobora gusaba gukurikiranwa cyane |
Ingingo imwe ikunze kwirengagizwa: Isuku nyuma yumuyaga ivumbi igomba gufata umwanya wambere kurenza gahunda isanzwe. Umukungugu umwe rukomeye urashobora kubitsa umukungugu nkuko bisanzwe byegeranya ukwezi kose.
Koresha Igipimo Cyimikorere (PR) nkigisukura
Niba sisitemu ya PV ifite urubuga rwo gukurikirana, gukurura isuku ukurikije igipimo cyimikorere (PR) birashobora kuba ubukungu kuruta gukurikiza gahunda ihamye.
Uburyo bufatika nugushiraho umurongo fatizo wa PR hanyuma ugatekereza gukora isuku mugihe PR yapimwe igabanutseho 2% ugereranije na baseline. Uru rugabano rushobora gufasha kumenya igihombo cyubutaka mugihe wirinze gusukura bitari ngombwa.
Ariko, PR irashobora kandi kugabanuka kubera ihinduka ryimikorere inverter, ubushyuhe bwa module, amakosa yibikoresho, kwangirika, cyangwa nibindi bikorwa. Izi ngingo zigomba gukorwaho iperereza mbere yo kugabanuka kubutaka.
BIPV Uburyo bwo Gusukura Igisenge: Kugereranya Ibiciro
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kweza
| Uburyo bwo Gusukura | Gukoresha Amazi | Igiciro | Ibisanzwe | Isuku |
| Isuku y'intoki hamwe na brush yoroheje n'amazi | 1-2 L kuri module | Hejuru; akazi gakomeye | Ibisenge bito hamwe na geometrike igoye | Cyiza |
| Imashini zumye | Nta na kimwe | Hagati; ugereranije ishoramari ryambere | Ibinini binini, hejuru yinzu hamwe nubutaka bwa PV | Nibyiza |
| Imashini zitera amazi | 0.5-1 L kuri module | Hagati | Inzu nini yubucuruzi ninganda | Nibyiza cyane |
| Isuku ifashwa na drone | Hasi | Hejuru | Kuzamuka cyangwa bigoye-kugera ku gisenge | Guciriritse |
| Gukaraba byumye cyangwa kunyeganyega bishingiye ku ivumbi | Nta na kimwe | Hasi | Uturere tubuze amazi | Guciriritse |
Igiciro cyogusukura buri mwaka mubusanzwe kiri hagati y $ 0.005 kugeza $ 0.02 kuri watt, bitewe nigisenge kiboneka, amafaranga yumurimo, nuburyo bwo gukora isuku bwakoreshejwe.
Twe Uruhare rwo Kurwanya Ubutaka
Kurwanya ubutaka, harimo hydrophilique na hydrophobique nano-coatings, ntabwo bisimburwa no gukora isuku. Ahubwo, bifasha kugabanya kwirundanya umwanda no kwagura intera.
Ibizamini byo mu murima byagaragaje ko moderi ya PV ifite imiti irwanya ubutaka ikusanya 30% - 40% umukungugu muke hagati yisuku kuruta moderi zidafunze. Nyamara, amakuru ya serivisi yo gutwika aratandukanye cyane, kuva kumezi 18-24 kugeza kumyaka 3-5. Kuramba kwukuri kugomba kugenzurwa kubitanga amakuru yikizamini.
Nubwo ibishishwa birwanya ubutaka bisaba ishoramari ryo hejuru cyane, birashobora kugabanya umubare wibikorwa byogusukura hafi kimwe cya gatatu mugihe kirekire. Mu turere twumutse, twuzuye ivumbi, ishoramari rirashobora kuba rifite ishingiro mubukungu.
Amakosa ane asanzwe ya BIPV yohanagura amakosa
Gukoresha Amazi akomeye
Ibi birashobora kuba rimwe mumakosa ahenze yo gukora isuku.
Iyo amazi yo mu butaka afite ibice byose byashushe (TDS) hejuru ya 500 ppm, amazi yatewe kumirahuri ashyushye arashobora guhinduka vuba, hasigara calcium na magnesium. Nyuma yisuku ya 3-4, kubitsa birashobora gutuma igabanuka rihoraho rya 2% - 4% mugihe cyohereza urumuri rwikirahure kandi birashobora kugorana cyangwa bidashoboka kubikuraho.
Imyitozo isabwa: Koresha amazi ya revers-osmose (RO) cyangwa amazi ya deionised, hamwe na TDS igenzurwa munsi ya 50 ppm.
Isuku mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo ku manywa
Gusuka amazi akonje kuri modul ya PV mubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 60 ° C birashobora gutera impagarara zumuriro mubirahure, bishobora gutera microcrake cyangwa mugihe gikomeye, kumeneka kwikirahure.
Imyitozo isabwa: Sukura mugitondo cya kare cyangwa nyuma ya saa sita, mugihe ubushyuhe bwa module buri hafi yubushyuhe bwibidukikije.
Isuku cyane
Ahantu h'ubutaka buke, isuku ya buri kwezi irashobora gutwara amafaranga arenze ayo kongera amashanyarazi afite agaciro. Ikindi gihangayikishije ni kwambara hejuru. Koza neza no gusiba birashobora gusiga microscopique ibishushanyo ku kirahure. Igihe kirenze, ibishushanyo birashobora kugabanya itumanaho ryumucyo, birashobora gukuraho inyungu zo gukora isuku.
Gukoresha ibikoresho byogusukura
Ibikoresho bimwe byogusukura bishobora kwangiza anti-reflive (AR) hejuru yikirahure. Ibikoresho bya AR birashobora guteza imbere urumuri hafi 2% –3%, bitewe nibicuruzwa. Niba igifuniko cyangiritse, zimwe murizo nyungu zimikorere zirashobora gutakara burundu.
Imyitozo isabwa: Koresha amazi meza hamwe na brush yoroheje. Kubintu byinangiye byangiza, nkibitonyanga byinyoni cyangwa igiti cyibiti, koresha umwenda woroshye wuzuye amazi kugirango usukure ahafashwe.
Ibyemezo bitatu byo gushushanya bishobora kugabanya ibiciro byogusukura
Inzira yo hejuru yinzu hamwe ninzira zamazi
Ibisenge hejuru yinzu bifite inguni zingana na 15 ° cyangwa birenga birashobora kungukirwa nigitemba gifashwa ningufu zikomeye, bigafasha gukuramo umukungugu wuzuye hamwe no kunoza isuku karemano mugihe cyimvura ikwiye.
Inzira zamazi zigomba gutegurwa kugirango zirinde amazi ahagaze. Amazi amaze guhagarara, arashobora gusiga irangi ryamazi hamwe nubutare bwamabuye y'agaciro bigoye kuyakuramo kuruta ivumbi.
Gusukura inzira zinjira
Kubisenge binini, inzira zogusukura ninzira zitekanye zigomba kwinjizwa mubishushanyo guhera. Hatariho inzira zabugenewe zabugenewe, ibiciro byogusukura birashobora gukuba kabiri kuko ibikoresho ntibishobora kugera hejuru kurusenge neza kandi ama hose ntashobora gukwira ahantu hose.
Umutekano ugomba kandi gusuzumwa, harimo izamu, ingingo zubuzima bwubuzima, hamwe na sisitemu ikwiye yo kugwa.
Gufata neza
Umwanya wabitswe kugirango uhuze amazi, ahasohora amazi, hamwe nububiko bwibikoresho. Izi ngingo muri rusange zihenze kubishyiramo mugihe cyo kubaka. Kuvugurura nyuma yo gutangira imirimo birashobora gusaba guhindura igisenge cyuzuye, kongera ibiciro no guhagarika ibikorwa.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Q1: Ese ibisenge bya BIPV bikeneye isuku? Bitandukaniye he na sisitemu isanzwe ya PV?
Yego. Kubera ko moderi ya BIPV igize igisenge ubwacyo, isuku ntigomba gutekereza gusa kubyara amashanyarazi ahubwo harebwa no kugaragara hejuru yinzu no kwirinda amazi. Itandukaniro rimwe ryingenzi nuko moderi ya BIPV akenshi itagenewe gushyigikira urujya n'uruza, kandi ibicuruzwa bimwe bifite aho bigarukira. Isuku yinzira nuburyo bigomba rero gutegurwa byumwihariko kuri sisitemu.
Q2: Imvura irashobora gusimbuza intoki?
Igice. Imvura irashobora guhanagura umukungugu urekuye, ariko mubisanzwe ntigikora neza kurwanya umwanda winangiye nko guta inyoni, ibiti by'ibiti, hamwe nibisigazwa byamavuta yinganda. No mu turere tw’imvura, isuku yintoki irashobora kuba nkenerwa inshuro 1-2 kumwaka.
Q3: Isuku irashobora kwangiza modul ya PV?
Isuku ikwiye igomba kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika. Ingaruka nyamukuru zirimo imyunyu ngugu iterwa n’amazi akomeye, guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe bwo koza modules zishyushye hamwe namazi akonje, hamwe no gushushanya biterwa nibikoresho byangiza cyangwa gusya cyane. Gukurikiza amabwiriza yisuku yuwabikoze no kwirinda ibyo bikorwa birashobora gufasha kurinda module.
Koresha ubu buryo bworoshye: Igiciro cyo Gusukura Igipimo = Igiciro cyogusukura buri mwaka ÷ (Gutakaza Ubutaka Bwumwaka × Amafaranga yumwaka yumuriro)
Ikigereranyo kiri munsi ya 1 cyerekana ko igihombo cyagereranijwe gishobora kwishyurwa kirenze ikiguzi cyogusukura, byerekana ko isuku ishobora kuba ingirakamaro mubukungu. Mu turere twumutse, igipimo gishobora kuba hafi 0.5, mugihe mukarere k’imvura gashobora kwegera cyangwa kurenga 1.
Q5: Ese impuzu zirwanya ubutaka zikwiye gushorwa?
Bashobora kuba ingirakamaro mu turere aho igihombo cyubutaka buri mwaka kirenga 8%. Ibizamini bimwe byakozwe mu murima byatangaje ko ibirwanya kurwanya ubutaka bishobora kugabanya ivu rya 30% - 40%, bikaba bishobora kugabanya inshuro nyinshi. Mu bice bifite ubutaka buke, ariko, inyungu ku ishoramari irashobora kuba mike.
Ukeneye ingamba zogusukura zijyanye na BIPV umushinga wawe?
Imeri: info@xzbesta.com
