Emva kwe-a Uphahla lwe-photovoltaics (BIPV) oludibeneyo lwesakhiwo ifakiwe, omnye wemisebenzi ye-O&M engahoywanga lula kukucoca.
Uyilo luyajongwa, ulwakhiwo luyahlolwa, kwaye uqhagamshelo lwegridi luyavavanywa. Kodwa ukucoca kudla ngokunikwa ingqalelo encinane. Ngexesha umniniyo ebona ukwehla kokuveliswa kwamandla, ilahleko yokungcolisa inokuba sele iqokelele unyaka wonke.
Esi sikhokelo siphendula imibuzo emithathu engundoqo: Ungakanani umbane olahlekileyo ngaphandle kokucoca? Kufuneka kucocwe kangaphi uphahla lwe-BIPV? Kwaye inokucocwa njani ngaphandle kokonakalisa inkqubo?
Iindleko zokungahoyi ukuCocwa: Mangakanani Amandla Alahlekileyo Ekungcoleni?
Imozulu imisela uMyinge wokuLahleka koMhlaba
Ilahleko yomhlaba ayilungiswanga. Baxhomekeke kwimvula yendawo, ukugxininiswa kothuli emoyeni, i-module tilt angle, isantya somoya, kunye nezinye iimeko zokusingqongileyo.
| Indawo yeMozulu | Ilahleko yoMhlaba yoNyaka | Iimpawu eziphambili |
| Imozulu ecocekileyo enemvula rhoqo | 1%–2% | Imvula ibonelela ngokucocwa kwendalo okukhulu |
| KuMntla-mpuma nakuMbindi-ntshona weUnited States | 2%–4% | Ukungcoliswa kwexesha lonyaka, kunye nekhephu ebusika |
| UMzantsi-ntshona weUnited States | 4%–10% | Iimeko zembalela kunye nemvula encinci |
| Iindawo zezolimo zaseCentral California | 6%–12% | Uthuli lwezolimo ludibene neemeko ezomileyo |
| Imimandla eyomileyo yaseIndiya, kuquka neRajasthan | 8%–15% | Amaxesha embalela angathatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezilithoba |
| kuMbindi Mpuma | 12%–25% | Izaqhwithi zothuli rhoqo kunye nemvula encinci kakhulu |
| Iindawo ezibharhileyo ezikwimida yeSahara | 15%–30% | Iimeko zokungcolisa ezigqithisileyo |
Imodyuli efanayo yePV inokuba namava elahleko eyothusayo yonyaka eyahlukileyo eJamani naseSaudi Arabia. Umahluko unokuba ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kashumi. Iindlela zokucoca akufuneki zisetyenziswe ngokufanayo kuzo zonke iimarike. Kufuneka zilungelelaniswe nemozulu yendawo kunye neemeko zendawo.
Indlela ukungcola okuchaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwePV
Ukungcoliswa komhlaba kuchaphazela ukwenziwa kombane ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili.
Okokuqala: Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okuncitshisiweyo. Amasuntswana othuli afunxa kwaye abonakalise ukukhanya kwelanga okungenayo, ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wokukhanya ofikelela kwiiseli zelanga kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla.
Okwesibini: Ukuthotywa komgangatho wokusebenza okungenamda njengoko umhlaba usanda. Xa ukuxinana komhlaba kufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, impembelelo ekusebenzeni ingaba nzima ngakumbi. Kwingxelo yoxinaniso lokungcolisa i-20 g/m², i-short-circuit current inokwehla nge-15%–21%, ngelixa ukusebenza kakuhle kunokwehla nge-15%–35%, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zovavanyo kunye neempawu zemathiriyeli egciniweyo.
Okwesithathu: Iindawo ezishushu zengingqi ezibangelwa kukungalingani komhlaba. Xa ezinye iindawo zemodyuli ziqokelela ukungcola okungaphezulu kunezinye, ukufihlwa kancinci kunokwenzeka. Iiseli ezinomthunzi zinokuwachitha amandla kunokuba ziwavelise, zenze iindawo ezishushu zasekuhlaleni ezikhawulezisa ukuguga kwezinto kwaye zinokonakalisa imodyuli.
Uhlalutyo olulula lweNdleko-yeNzuzo
Cinga ngenkqubo yophahla lwe-BIPV yorhwebo kunye nezoshishino lwe-1 MW, kuqikelelwa ukuveliswa kombane ngonyaka we-1,200 MWh kunye nexabiso lombane le-0.15/kWh.
- Ingeniso yombane ngonyaka: Malunga ne-180,000 yeedola
- Ilahleko yengeniso kwi-10% yelahleko yokungcolisa ngonyaka: Malunga ne-18,000 yeedola
- Iindleko zokucoca ngonyaka kwi-$ 0.01 / W: Malunga ne-$ 10,000
Kwimimandla ebharhileyo, imbuyekezo kwinkcitho yokucoca iqhelekile ukusuka ku-1:1.5 ukuya kwi-1:2. Kwiindawo ezinemvula, isenokuwela ngaphantsi kwe-1:1, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukucoca kungabi namali.
Kufuneka icocwe kangaphi uphahla lwe-BIPV?
Cwangcisa iFrequency yokuCoca ngokweNdalo
| Iimeko zokusingqongileyo | UCwangciso lweFrekhwensi yokuCoca | Iingqwalasela ezingundoqo |
| Imozulu epholileyo, enemvula enemvula ngonyaka ngaphezu kwe-800 mm | 1-2 amaxesha ngonyaka | Susa ubukhulu becala ilindle leentaka, incindi yemithi, kunye nezinye izingcolisi ezizingileyo |
| Iindawo zoshishino ngokubanzi | 2-4 amaxesha ngonyaka | Qwalasela isantya sokuchithwa kothuli kwimizi-mveliso |
| Iindawo zasezidolophini kunye neziza ezikufutshane neendlela ezinkulu | 3-4 amaxesha ngonyaka | Amasuntswana anxulumene netrafikhi angabambelela ngamandla kumphezulu |
| Imimandla eyomileyo nenothuli | Kanye ngenyanga ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo | Cinga ngokucoca okongeziweyo kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kwesaqhwithi sothuli, xa kukhuselekile kwaye kusebenza |
| Imimandla eyome kakhulu kuMbindi Mpuma nakuMntla Afrika | Rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-1-2 ngexesha elomileyo | Iziganeko zothuli rhoqo zinokufuna uqwalaselo olunzulu |
Inqaku elinye elisoloko lingahoywa: Ukucoca emva kwesiphango sothuli kufuneka kuthathe indawo yokuqala kwishedyuli yokucoca rhoqo. Isiganeko esinye sothuli esiqatha sinokufaka uthuli oluninzi njengoko luqhele ukuqokelela kwinyanga yonke.
Sebenzisa iNdlela yokuSebenza (PR) njengeNtshukumo yokuCoca
Ukuba inkqubo yePV ineqonga lokubeka iliso, ukuqalisa ukucoca ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo wokusebenza (PR) kunoqoqosho olungakumbi kunokulandela ishedyuli emiselweyo.
Indlela esebenzayo kukuseka isiseko se-PR curve kunye nokuqwalasela ukucoca xa i-PR elinganisiweyo iwela nge-2% ngokumalunga nesiseko. Lo mda unokunceda ukuchonga ilahleko enokubakho yokungcolisa ngelixa uphepha ukucoca ngokungeyomfuneko.
Nangona kunjalo, i-PR inokwehla ngenxa yotshintsho olusebenzayo lwe-inverter, ubushushu bemodyuli, iimpazamo zesixhobo, ukuthotywa, okanye ezinye iimeko zokusebenza. Ezi zinto kufuneka ziphandwe phambi kokuba kube ngathi ukwehla kumhlaba.
Iindlela zokucoca uphahla lwe-BIPV: Uthelekiso lweendleko
Iindlela zokucoca eziqhelekileyo
| Indlela yokucoca | Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi | Iindleko ezizalanayo | Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo | Ukucoca ukusebenza |
| Ukucoca ngesandla ngebrashi ethambileyo-ethambileyo kunye namanzi | 1–2 L kwimodyuli nganye | Phezulu; umsebenzi onzima | Uphahla oluncinci kunye neejometri zophahla eziyinkimbinkimbi | Egqwesileyo |
| Iirobhothi zokucoca okomileyo | Akukho nanye | Phakathi; utyalo-mali lokuqala oluphezulu ngokwentelekiso | Uphahla olukhulu, olusicaba kunye nezityalo zePV ezibekwe phantsi | Kulungile |
| Iirobhothi zokutshiza ngamanzi | 0.5-1 L kwimodyuli nganye | Phakathi | Uphahla olukhulu lwezorhwebo kunye nezoshishino | Kuhle kakhulu |
| Ukucoca okuncediswa yidrone | Phantsi | Phezulu | Uphahla oluphezulu okanye kunzima ukufikelela kulo | Phakathi |
| Ibrashi eyomileyo okanye ukususa uthuli olusekwe kwi-vibration | Akukho nanye | Phantsi | Iingingqi ezinqongopheleyo zamanzi | Phakathi |
Iindleko zokucoca ngonyaka zivela kwi-$ 0.005 ukuya kwi-$ 0.02 nge-watt nganye, kuxhomekeke ekufikeleleni kwephahla, iindleko zabasebenzi, kunye nendlela yokucoca esetyenzisiweyo.
Tyena Indima ye-Anti-Soiling Coatings
Iingubo ezichasene ne-anti-soiling, ezibandakanya i-hydrophilic kunye ne-hydrophobic nano-coatings, aziyiyo indawo yokucoca. Kunoko, bancedisa ukunciphisa ukuqokelelwa kokungcola kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokucoca.
Iimvavanyo zentsimi ziye zabika ukuba iimodyuli ze-PV ezineengubo ezichasene ne-anti-soiling ziqokelela i-30% -40% ngaphantsi kothuli phakathi kwemijikelezo yokucoca kuneemodyuli ezingafakwanga. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi benkonzo yokugubungela buhluka kakhulu, ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwezi-24 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5. Okwenyani ukuqina kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokuchasene nedatha yovavanyo lomthengisi.
Nangona izinto zokugquma ezichasene nokungcolisa zifuna utyalo-mali lwangaphambili oluphezulu, zinokunciphisa inani lemisebenzi yokucoca malunga nesinye kwisithathu kwixesha elide. Kwimimandla eyinkqantosi, enothuli, utyalo-mali lunokuhlala luthetheleleka ngokwezoqoqosho.
Iimpazamo ezine eziQhelekileyo zokucoca uphahla lwe-BIPV
Ukusebenzisa Amanzi Anzima
Oku kunokuba yenye yeempazamo zokucoca ezixabisa kakhulu.
Xa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba enomlinganiselo opheleleyo wezinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikisiweyo (TDS) ezingaphezu kwama-500 ppm, amanzi atshizwe kwiglasi eshushu anokumka ngokukhawuleza, ashiye idiphozithi yecalcium nemagnesium. Emva kwemijikelo ye-3-4 yokucoca, ezi diphozithi zingabangela ukuncipha kwe-2% -4% ngokusisigxina kwi-glass light transmittance kwaye kunokuba nzima okanye akunakwenzeka ukususa.
Uqheliselo olucetyiswayo: Sebenzisa i-reverse-osmosis (RO) amanzi okanye amanzi adibeneyo, kunye ne-TDS elawulwa ngaphantsi kwe-50 ppm.
Ukucoca Ngexesha Eliphakamileyo Lobushushu Emini
Ukutshiza amanzi abandayo kwiimodyuli ze-PV kumaqondo okushisa angaphezu kwe-60 ° C kunokudala uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kwiglasi, okunokubangela i-microcracks okanye, kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuphuka kweglasi.
Uqheliselo olucetyiswayo: Coca kwakusasa okanye emva kwemini, xa amaqondo obushushu emodyuli ekufutshane nobushushu be-ambient.
Ukucoca Rhoqo Kakhulu
Kwiindawo ezinomhlaba ophantsi, ukucocwa kwenyanga kunokubiza ngaphezulu kwexabiso elongezelelweyo lokuvelisa umbane. Enye inkxalabo kukunxitywa komphezulu. Ukubrasha okomileyo kunye nokukhuhla kunokushiya imikrwelo emincinci kwiglasi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le mikrwelo inokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya, okunokuphelisa izibonelelo zokucoca.
Ukusebenzisa ii-Agents zokucoca
Ezinye ii-agent zokucoca zingonakalisa i-anti-reflective (AR) yokugqoka kwiglasi. Iingubo ze-AR zingaphucula ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya malunga ne-2% -3%, kuxhomekeke kwimveliso. Ukuba isambatho sonakalisiwe, enye yale nzuzo yokusebenza inokulahleka ngokusisigxina.
Uqheliselo olucetyiswayo: Sebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo kunye nebrashi ethambileyo. Ukungcola okunenkani, okufana nenkunkuma yeentaka okanye incindi yomthi, sebenzisa ilaphu elithambileyo elithotywe ngamanzi ukucoca indawo echaphazelekayo.
Izigqibo zoYilo eziNtathu ezinokunciphisa iindleko zokucoca
I-Roof Tilt kunye neendlela zokuhambisa amanzi
Imiphezulu yophahla ene-angle ethambekileyo ye-15 ° okanye ngaphezulu inokuxhamla kwi-ruff encediswa ngumxhuzulane, inceda ukususa uthuli oluqokelelweyo kunye nokuphucula ukucocwa kwendalo phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zemvula.
Iindlela zokuhambisa amanzi kufuneka ziyilwe ukuthintela ukuma kwamanzi. Xa amanzi amileyo eba ngumphunga, anokushiya amabala amanzi kunye nediphozithi yeminerali ekunzima ukuyisusa kunothuli oluxengaxengayo.
Ukucoca iindlela zokuFikelela
Kwiiphahla ezinkulu, iindlela zokucoca kunye neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokufikelela kufuneka zifakwe kwi-design kwasekuqaleni. Ngaphandle kweendlela ezizinikeleyo zokufikelela, iindleko zokucoca zinokuphinda kabini kuba izixhobo azikwazi ukufikelela eluphahleni ngokufanelekileyo kwaye imibhobho ayinakugubungela zonke iindawo.
Ukhuseleko kufuneka kwakhona luqwalaselwe, kubandakanywa iintsimbi zokugada, iindawo ze-ankile zomnxeba wokuphila, kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko lokuwa.
Uqhagamshelwano loLondolozo
Gcina indawo yoqhagamshelo lonikezelo lwamanzi, iindawo zokukhupha amanzi, kunye neendawo zokugcina izixhobo. Ezi zibonelelo ngokuqhelekileyo azibizi kakhulu ukudibanisa ngexesha lokwakha. Ukubuyisela kwakhona emva kokugunyaziswa kunokufuna ukuguqulwa kophahla olugqityiweyo, ukwandisa zombini iindleko kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
I-Q1: Ngaba uphahla lwe-BIPV lufuna ukucocwa? Zahluke njani kwiinkqubo zePV eziqhelekileyo?
Ewe. Ekubeni iimodyuli ze-BIPV zenza inxalenye yophahla ngokwalo, ukucoca kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuveliswa kwamandla kuphela kodwa kunye nokubonakala kophahla kunye nokukhusela amanzi. Omnye umehluko obalulekileyo kukuba iimodyuli ze-BIPV zihlala zingayilwanga ukuxhasa i-traffic yeenyawo, kwaye ezinye iimveliso zinemida ethile yokuthwala umthwalo. Ukucoca iindlela zokungena kunye neenkqubo kufuneka ke ngoko ziyilwe ngokukodwa inkqubo.
I-Q2: Ngaba imvula ingathatha indawo yokucoca ngesandla?
Ngokuyinxenye. Imvula inokuhlamba uthuli, kodwa ayisebenzi kwizingcolisi ezinenkani ezifana nelindle lentaka, incindi yemithi, kunye neentsalela zeoyile yemizi-mveliso. Nakwimimandla enemvula, ukucoca ngesandla kuseyimfuneko amaxesha angama-1-2 ngonyaka.
I-Q3: Ngaba ukucoca ukonakalisa iimodyuli zePV?
Ukucoca ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka kunciphise umngcipheko womonakalo. Imingcipheko ephambili ibandakanya iidiphozithi zamaminerali ezibangelwa ngamanzi anzima, uxinzelelo lwe-thermal ekucoceni iimodyuli ezishushu ngamanzi abandayo, kunye nemikrwelo ebangelwa yizinto ezinqabileyo okanye iibhulashi ezinzima. Ukulandela imiyalelo yokucoca umenzi kunye nokuphepha ezi zenzo kunokunceda ukukhusela iimodyuli.
Sebenzisa le fomula ilula: Umlinganiselo weendleko zokuCoca = Iindleko zokuCoca ngoNyaka ÷ (Ilahleko yoMbane yoNyaka × iNgeniso yoMbane yoNyaka)
Umlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwe-1 ubonisa ukuba ilahleko yengeniso eqikelelwayo enokubuyiswa idlula iindleko zokucoca, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukucoca kunokuba nexabiso ngokwezoqoqosho. Kwimimandla ebharhileyo, umlinganiselo unokuba malunga ne-0.5, ngelixa imimandla enemvula ingasondela okanye idlule kwi-1.
I-Q5: Ngaba i-anti-soiling coatings ixabisa utyalo-mali?
Zinokuba luncedo kwimimandla apho ilahleko yomhlaba wonke yonyaka idlula i-8%. Ezinye iimvavanyo zentsimi ziye zaxela ukuba ii-anti-soiling coatings zinganciphisa ukuqokelelwa kothuli ngama-30% -40%, okunokuthi kunciphise ukuhlanjululwa rhoqo. Kwiindawo ezinamaqondo aphantsi omhlaba, nangona kunjalo, imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali inokulinganiselwa.
Ngaba ufuna isicwangciso sokucoca esilungiselelwe indawo yakho yeprojekthi ye-BIPV?
I-imeyile: info@xzbesta.com
