Uphahla lomzi-mveliso omtsha—kunye neendleko zalo zombane kwiminyaka engama-25 ezayo—kumiselwa ubukhulu becala kwinqanaba lokuzoba.
Iiprojekthi ezininzi zoshishino ziyila isakhiwo sentsimbi kuqala kwaye zongeza ilanga emva kokusebenza ukuzinza. Kodwa ukulungisa kwakhona ayiko "kufakela kamva"; inokubiza kakhulu, icothe, kwaye iphazamise ngakumbi. I-BIPV edibeneyo yoyilo (isakhiwo-edibeneyo ye-photovoltaics) idibanisa imithwalo yelanga, iiprofayili zephaneli yophahla, ukufikelela kulondolozo, kunye neendlela ze-cable-tray kwimizobo yokuqala. Amacandelo e-factory-prefabricated angathatha indawo yophahla lwentsimbi eqhelekileyo. Isakhiwo kunye nesixokelelwano selanga zifakwe kunye kwaye zinokugunyaziswa njengeprojekthi enye elungelelanisiweyo.
Eli nqaku lithelekisa uyilo oludibeneyo kunye nokubuyisela emva kwexesha kwiindleko ezintathu-ukuqinisa, ishedyuli, kunye neendleko ezipheleleyo-kwaye inikezela ngesikhokelo sesigqibo seeprojekthi zoshishino.
Kutheni ukuRetrofitting kudla ngokubiza ngaphezulu
Uphahla olukhoyo lusenokungabi Nomthwalo owaneleyo
Iinkqubo zelanga ezisasazwayo zongeza umthwalo osisigxina malunga 15–26 kg/m². Uyilo lophahla olukhoyo lusenokuba lusekwe kumthwalo obekiweyo oyi-0.5 kN/m² ukulungiselela uphahla olungajoliswanga ukufikelela rhoqo. Nje ukuba imithwalo yelanga idityaniswe neemeko zomthwalo womoya kunye nekhephu, uphahla oluninzi oludala lunomthamo omncinci oseleyo.
Idatha yembali ekhankanywe kumthombo ibonisa ukuba ngaphantsi kwe 50% kophahla lwentsimbi olukhoyo lugqithise ukuhlolwa komthwalo wesakhiwo phambi kofakelo lwelanga. Phantse isiqingatha sinokufuna ukuqiniswa ngaphambi kokuba iimodyuli zifakwe.
Ukomelezwa Lusebenzisa uHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali
Ukuba uvavanyo luchonga umthamo ongonelanga, ukuqiniswa kunokufuneka-amacandelo amakhulu, ukuqinisa okongeziweyo, ukutshintshwa kwe-purlins, okanye iinkcukacha zoxhumo lwe-denser. Ukomeleza ngokuqhelekileyo kubalela 15%–25% yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwembuyekezo lulonke.
Ngoyilo oludibeneyo, imithwalo, ubukhulu bephaneli yophahla, kunye neenkcukacha ze-purlin zijongwana kwimizobo yokuqala, ukuphepha inqanaba lokuqinisa elahlukileyo.
IShedyuli kunye nexesha lokuPhula kweMveliso
Ukulungiswa ngokutsha kudla ngokufuna ukuphazamiseka kwemveliso ngezigaba: ukwakha kunye nokusebenzisa iplanti kuqala, thatha amacandelo ophahla ngaphandle kwenkonzo, susa ezinye izinto ezigqunyiweyo, ukufakela isixokelelwano selanga, kunye nokubuyisela uphahla.
Uyilo oludityanisiweyo lulungelelanisa iimodyuli, inkqubo yokukhwela, iitreyi zentambo, kunye neepaneli zophahla kwimodeli yeBIM. Amacandelo alungiselelwe ngaphambili kumzi-mveliso, kwaye umsebenzi site ikakhulu ibandakanya ukuphakamisa kunye noqhagamshelo lweplagi. Ukuveliswa kwamandla kunokuqala xa uphahla lugqityiwe, ngaphandle kwesigaba sofakelo lwesibini.
Ukulinganisa iMiba emithathu yeendleko
Uthelekiso olungezantsi lusebenzisa uphahla lwemizi-mveliso oyi-10,000 m² kunye nomthamo ofakelweyo ocingelwayo omalunga ne-1.2 MWp (i-megawatt-peak).
| Umba | Uyilo oludityanisiweyo lwe-BIPV | Ukubuyisela kwakhona (BAPV) | Umthombo womahluko |
| Ukuqiniswa kwesakhiwo | 0 | I-15% ukuya kuma-25% yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokubuyisela | Uphahla olukhoyo luyasilela ukujonga umthwalo |
| Izinto zophahla | Imvulophu edibeneyo + iimodyuli | Amacwecwe esinyithi + inkqubo yokufaka kamva | Ingaba uphahla kunye neemodyuli zidibeneyo |
| Ishedyuli kwisiza | Ukuveliswa kombane xa umatshini ugqityiwe | Ukuvalwa kwesigaba esinye okanye ezibini emva kokuba imisebenzi iqalile | Ingaba umsebenzi wenziwa ngezigaba |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi | 8% -12% yokunciphisa (njengoko kuxeliwe) | 0 | Uqhagamshelo ekwabelwana ngalo + amacandelo alungiselelweyo + uphahla oludityanisiweyo |
| Iitreyi zekhebula kunye nokufikelela kwisondlo | Igcinwe kwinqanaba loyilo | Kamva ukugrumba + ukufakwa | Ingaba ilanga liqwalaselwa kwinqanaba loyilo |
| Ingeniso yeminyaka engama-25 yokuvelisa amandla | Ayitshintshanga | Ayitshintshanga | Okufanayo kumthamo ofakiweyo olinganayo |
Sidityaniswe kunye, uyilo oluhlanganisiweyo lunokunciphisa iindleko ezipheleleyo nge-15% -25% kwaye lufutshane ishedyuli ngama-30% -50% xa kuthelekiswa nokubuyisela kwakhona.
Qaphela: “Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-Retrofit” kwitheyibhile luthetha ixabiso lilonke lokuguqulwa kophahla, ngaphandle kwamaxabiso emodyuli. Ukomelezwa kolwakhiwo ludla ngokubalelwa kwi-15% -25% yolo hlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Zeziphi iiProjekthi eziLungela uYilo oluDityanisiweyo?
Ayizizo zonke izityalo ezitsha kufuneka zibandakanye ilanga kwimizobo yokuqala. Uyilo oludityanisiweyo lufanelekile ngakumbi kwezi ntlobo zine zeprojekthi:
- Ijometri yophahla rhoqo-uxande, i-multi-bay, okanye i-sawtooth uyilo inokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo iimodyuli.
- Imfuno ephezulu yombane emini—iprofayili yomthwalo ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokuveliswa kwelanga, okunokuthi kuvumeleke ukuzisebenzisa ngaphezu kwe-70%.
- Uphahla kulindeleke ukuba luhlale lusebenza ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-15—utyalo-mali lokuqala lunokusasazwa kwixesha elide lenkonzo.
- Ikhonkco lokubonelela nge-BIPV yasekhaya evuthiweyo—imvulophu kunye namacandelo elanga anokuthi ahambelane nomthengisi omnye, ukuphepha ukukhangela umthengisi kamva.
Amatyala afanelekileyo ziquka izityalo ezincinci, uphahla olungaqhelekanga, ukusetyenziswa kombane okuphantsi kakhulu, okanye iimarike ezingenayo ikhonkco lokubonelela nge-BIPV; i-BAPV ye-retrofit kamva ingaba noqoqosho ngakumbi.
Amanqaku amathathu aPhambili oLungelelaniso
Layisha Iingqikelelo
Bandakanya i-15-26 kg/m² umthamo welanga osisigxina kwizibalo zokuqala zesakhiwo. Uphahla, i-purlins, i-trusses, amacandelo, kunye nokudibanisa kufuneka kuyilelwe umthwalo odibeneyo kwasekuqaleni, kunokushiya umthamo wokongezwa kamva.
Ukudibanisa uphahla kunye neeModyuli zeSolar
Kuphahla lwentsimbi oluqhelekileyo, uphahla lufakwe kuqala kwaye iimodyuli zelanga zifakwe ngaphezu kwayo. I-BIPV edibeneyo isebenzisa inkqubo yophahla apho iphaneli yophahla ngokwayo yenza inxalenye yendibano yelanga.
Oku kubonelela ngeenzuzo ezintathu ezinokubakho:
- Khetha uphahla kunye namacandelo elanga ukwenzela ubomi benkonzo ehambelanayo (iminyaka engama-25).
- Ukuphucula ukuchasana nokunyusa umoya ngenxa yokuba iimodyuli kunye nophahla lusebenza njengenkqubo edibeneyo.
- Inkangeleko ecocekileyo ngaphandle kwezakhelo zokuxhoma eziveziweyo.
Iitreyi zeCable kunye noFikelelo lokuLondoloza
Gcina iitreyi zentambo, iindawo zebhokisi ezidityanisiweyo, iindlela zokucoca iimodyuli, kunye neendlela zokuhamba zokulungisa kwimizobo. Ukubhoboza imingxuma kamva kunokonakalisa uphahla kwaye kudale iindawo zokuvuza ezongezelelweyo.
FAQ
I-Q1: Ngaba uyilo oludibeneyo lulibazisa ulwakhiwo lomzi-mveliso?
Akunjalo. Ulungelelwaniso lwe-BIPV ikakhulu lwenzeka ngexesha loyilo, ngelixa ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili kwefektri kunye nokwakhiwa kwendawo kunokuqhubeka kunye nokwakhiwa kwentsimbi eqhelekileyo. Iimodyuli, izinto zokuxhoma, iitreyi zentambo, kunye neepaneli zophahla zifika njengenxalenye yephakheji enye elungelelanisiweyo, ke ngoko. ishedyuli iyonke ingahlala ingatshintshi.
I-Q2: I-8% -12% yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi ibalwa njani?
Uqikelelo ludibanisa imiphumo emithathu: iinkcukacha zokudibanisa okwabelwana ngazo emva kophahla kunye neemodyuli zidibeneyo, amacandelo aphuculweyo asekelwe kwimithwalo yokugqibela yelanga, kunye nophahla olulula / inkqubo yemvulophu.
Q3: Kufuneka kukhethwe njani umthwalo wophahla we-15–26 kg/m²?
Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemodyuli, ulungiselelo lokunyuka, kunye ne-angle yokuthambeka. Iimodyuli ezixhonywe kumcaba kuphahla olusicaba zinokongeza malunga ne-15-20 kg/m², ngelixa iinkqubo zokuxhoma ezithambekileyo zinokongeza malunga ne-20-26 kg/m². Injineli yolwakhiwo kufuneka iqinisekise uyilo lokwenene ngokuchasene neemfuno zomoya wasekhaya kunye nomthwalo wekhephu.
I-Q4: Ukuba uphahla olukhoyo aluphumeleli uvavanyo lwesakhiwo, ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba i-solar ayikwazi ukufakwa?
Hayi. Ukuqiniswa sisisombululo esiqhelekileyo nesimiselweyo. Umba awukho nje ukuba ukufakela kuyenzeka, kodwa kuya kubiza malini kwaye ingakanani imveliso enokuphazamisa xa kuthelekiswa noyilo oludibeneyo.
I-Q5: Ngaba uphahla oludibeneyo lwe-BIPV luhlala iminyaka eyi-25 ngokwenene?
Uphahla, iimodyuli, amacandelo okunyuka, kunye nezitywina kufuneka zonke zikhethwe kubomi benkonzo ye-25 ehambelanayo. Ukuba uphahla lwensimbi lwe-5-10 ludibaniswe kunye neemodyuli zeminyaka engama-25, ubomi benkqubo yonke buhlala bukhawulelwe yicandelo elifutshane. Ukulinganisa ubomi benkonzo ngumgaqo-siseko woyilo we-BIPV.
Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo kubanini beProjekthi
Kwisicwangciso seprojekthi kunye nenqanaba lokuyila ingcamango-kungekhona emva kokuba imizobo yokwakha igqityiwe-phatha i-solar njenge-subsystem efunekayo kunokuba isongezo esikhethiweyo.
Esi sigqibo sichaphazela:
- Ingaba isakhiwo sophahla senzelwe imithwalo yelanga ukusuka ekuqaleni.
- Ingaba inkqubo yephaneli yophahla edibeneyo ikhethiwe.
- Ingaba iitreyi zekhebula kunye nofikelelo lolondolozo zigcinwe kwangaphambili.
- Ingaba uqhagamshelwano lwegridi lubandakanyiwe kwishedyuli yeprojekthi engundoqo.
Ukusombulula le mibuzo mine kuphononongo lokuqala loyilo yi Ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunokuhlaziya imizobo kamva.
Ukucwangcisa umzi-mveliso omtsha? I-imeyile: info@xzbesta.com
