Amaxabiso ombane ayenyuka, kwaye abaninimzi abaninzi bajonge kumaphahla abo angasetyenziswanga njengendawo enokubakho yePV yelanga.
Yintoni efanele ize kuqala? Uninzi lwabanini baqala ngokubuza iinkampani zelanga ngamaxabiso emodyuli. Eso sisiqingatha somfanekiso. Kwisakhiwo esikhoyo sefektri eyenziwe ngentsimbi, inyathelo lokuqala luvavanyo lwesakhiwo. Ukuba uphahla alukwazi ukuxhasa ngokukhuselekileyo inkqubo, i-economics yeprojekthi ayifaki.
Olunye uqikelelo lweshishini lubeka ireyithi yokupasa kwitshekhi zomthwalo wePV kuphahla lwentsimbi olukhoyo ngaphantsi kwe 50%. Phantse isiqingatha sezakhiwo zomzi-mveliso ezindala zinokufuna ukuqinisa ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe amandla elanga. Ukutsiba uvavanyo kunye nokuya ngqo kufakelo kunokukhokelela kuguquko lwe-purlin, ukuvuza kophahla, okanye izehlo zokhuseleko lolwakhiwo.
Esi sikhokelo sichaza iitshekhi ezintathu, iindlela zabo zokupasa / zokungaphumeleli, kunye neendleko ezibonisa ukuba uphahla aludluli uvavanyo.
Khangela i-1: Umthwalo wokuthwala umthwalo
Yintoni emayiJongwe
Jonga ukuba uyilo loqobo lunomthamo owaneleyo womthwalo ogciniweyo. Inkqubo yePV yophahla (iimodyuli, ulwakhiwo oluxhomayo kunye neentambo), ezifakelwe ngokunxuseneyo nethambeka lophahla, yongeza malunga 15–26 kg/m² (0.15–0.26 kN/m²).
Oko kunokungavakali njengento eninzi, kodwa yi- umthwalo ofileyo osisigxina. Uyilo lokuqala luhlala luthatha umthwalo ophilayo we-0.5 kN/m² kuphela kuphahla olungajoliswanga ukufikelela rhoqo. Emva kokuba i-PV ifile umthwalo idibaniswa nemithwalo yomoya kunye nekhephu, inokusebenzisa ngokulula umthamo oseleyo.
Iikhrayitheriya zokuPasa/ zokungaphumeleli
| Into yokuhlola | Dlula | Ukusilela |
| Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo phantsi kweemeko ezidityanisiweyo zokufa, eziphilayo, umoya kunye nekhephu | Ngaphakathi komda ovumelekileyo | Ugqithisa umda |
| Ukuphambuka kwesakhelo esingundoqo | ≤ L/250 (inkqubo eqhelekileyo kwishishini) | Ugqithisa umda |
| Column-top displacement | Ngaphakathi komda wekhowudi | Ugqithisa umda |
Ukuba uphahla luyasilela: Gxininisa isakhelo esiphambili, umzekelo ngokunyusa ubungakanani belungu okanye ukongeza ukunyathela. Lo ngumlinganiselo oxabisa kakhulu kwaye ufuna uyilo lobunjineli obukhethekileyo.
Khangela i-2: I-Purlin Span kunye nobukhulu beCandelo
Yintoni emayiJongwe
I-PV yokufaka i-clamps igxininiswe kwii-purlins. Ngenxa yokuba ii-purlins ekuqaleni bezinobungakanani bemithwalo ekhoyo, ukongeza i-15–26 kg/m² inokuzityhalela ngaphaya komthamo wazo ovumelekileyo. Kwizakhiwo zefektri ye-portal ene-C- okanye i-Z-purlins yecandelo, le migaqo mibini yobhontsi ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokuqala:
- Ubude bePurlin obujikeleze i-6 m kunye necandelo elichongiweyo elingaphantsi kwe-180 → kunokwenzeka ukuba ligqithe kwimida evumelekileyo
- Ubude bePurlin obujikeleze i-8 m kunye necandelo elichongiweyo elingaphantsi kwama-220 → kunokwenzeka ukuba ligqithe kwimida evumelekileyo
Iikhrayitheriya zokuPasa/ zokungaphumeleli
| Into yokuhlola | Dlula | Ukusilela |
| Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwe-Purlin | Ngaphakathi komda ovumelekileyo | Ugqithisa umda |
| Ukuphambuka kwePurlin | ≤ L/150 | Ugqithisa umda |
| Ulungiselelo lweqhina/iqhina (xa ubude balo> 6 m) | Ubuncinci imiqolo emi-2 | Umqolo omnye kuphela; umngcipheko wokungazinzi kwecala |
Ukuba i-purlins ayonelanga kodwa isakhelo esiphambili sinomthamo owaneleyo, ukuqinisa okanye ukubuyisela kuphela i-purlins yindlela elawulwayo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ixabisa kancinane kwimilinganiselo emithathu yokuqinisa.
Khangela i-3: Imeko yokuRhakala
Yintoni emayiJongwe
Hlola i-coating yokukhusela kunye nelahleko enxulumene nokudumba kwendawo enqamlezileyo. Nika ingqalelo ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho uthuli okanye amanzi aqokelelana khona, iindawo eziphantsi kokumanzisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo nokomisa, ukudibanisa kunye neendawo ezifihliweyo, kunye nemida yokuvuleka kophahla.
Indlela: Qala ujonge ukonakaliswa kwengubo. Kwiindawo ezonakeleyo, sebenzisa i-ultrasonic thickness gauge okanye ii-calipers ukulinganisa ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo kwaye uthelekise kunye nemilinganiselo yecandelo lokuqala.
Iikhrayitheriya zokuPasa/ zokungaphumeleli
| Into yokuhlola | Dlula | Ukusilela |
| Ukugquma okukhuselekileyo | Ingagungqi okanye iyalungiseka | Ukungaphumeleli kokwaleka ngokubanzi |
| Ilahleko enqamlezileyo ngenxa yokubola | ≤ 5% | > 5% |
| Uqhagamshelo (welds/bolts) | Akukho ukukhululeka okanye iintanda | Iifasteners ezikhululekileyo okanye ii-welds eziqhekekileyo |
Ukuba ilahleko ye-cross-sectional ngenxa ye-corrosion idlula i-5%, sebenzisa ukukhuselwa kwe-corrosion kwaye uqinise icandelo elichaphazelekayo ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uhlolisise umthamo wephahla kwimithwalo ye-PV. Imiba yoqhagamshelo ithatha indawo yokuqala ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into: lungisa imidibaniso ngaphambi kokuqwalasela ukufakela ilanga.
Ukuba uphahla aluphumeleli: apho ingena khona imali
Uluhlu lweendleko zeshishini:
| Umsebenzi wokulungisa | Ixabiso elibonisayo | Amanqaku |
| Ubalo loqinisekiso lwesakhiwo | US$1,400–4,200 | Kufuneka; zibandakanye nefemu yobunjineli obufanelekileyo okanye inkampani yolwakhiwo lwentsimbi yokubunjwa kunye nokuqinisekisa |
| Ukuqiniswa kwePurlin / ukutshintshwa | US$2,800–7,000 | Udidi oluqhelekileyo lokuqiniswa |
| Ukomelezwa kwesakhelo esingundoqo | US$11,000–21,000 | Ukwandisa ubungakanani belungu / ukongeza ibracing; Uyilo oluthe ngqo olufunekayo |
| Ukuqiniswa kwesiseko | US$14,000–28,000 | Olona khetho lubanzi; qinisekisa kuqala ukuba iyimfuneko na |
Isilumkiso: Omnye umzi-mveliso ufakelwe iPV ngaphandle kokwenza izibalo zesakhiwo kuqala. Kunyaka kamva, i-purlins yayo yayinciphe nge-5 cm. Ukulungisa nokuqinisa kubiza malunga ne-US$25,000, kwaye imveliso yayekwa kangangenyanga.
Uvavanyo lophahla luxabisa amawaka ambalwa eedola. Ukutsiba kuthetha ukubeka uphahla oluxabisa amakhulu amawaka eedola—kunye nemveliso yonke—emngciphekweni.
Emva koVavanyo: Ityala loYilo oluDityanisiweyo
Nje ukuba uphahla luphumelele uvavanyo, cinga ngokudibanisa i-PV kuyilo lwesakhiwo kunokusebenzisa i-PV (BAPV) yesiqhelo esetyenziswa kwisakhiwo.
- Iimodyuli ze-PV zinokuthi zithathe indawo yenxalenye yophahla lwephahla kwisakhiwo esidibeneyo se-PV (BIPV), esinokuthi sinciphise kunokunyusa umthwalo osisigxina.
- Cwangcisa ukunyuswa kunye neenkcukacha zokudibanisa kwimizobo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuphepha ukulungiswa kwendawo.
- Kuphahla olude olunomthamo omncinci womthwalo, i-BIPV inokuphelisa okanye inciphise kakhulu iindleko zokuqinisa.
Kwisakhiwo somzi-mveliso esitsha, oku kuthetha “uyilo lwesakhiwo esinye, isigaba esinye sokwakha, nokuveliswa kombane okwakhiweyo.” Kwifektri ekhoyo edlula uvavanyo, i-retrofit eqhelekileyo ihlala iyindlela efanelekileyo-kodwa iinkcukacha zokudibanisa kunye nokusabalalisa umthwalo kufuneka ziphathwe liqela lokuyila kunye nobuchule besakhiwo sensimbi.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
I-Q1: Ngaba ukuqinisekiswa kwesakhiwo kuyimfuneko ngaphambi kokufaka uphahla lwelanga?
Ewe. Uqikelelo lwemizi-mveliso lubeka izinga lokuphumelela kwiitshekhi zomthwalo wePV kuphahla lwentsimbi olukhoyo ngaphantsi kwama-50%. Ubalo lwezakhiwo lunceda ukulawula lo mngcipheko; kwi-US$1,400–4,200, zezinye zezona zikhuseli zixabisa kancinci kwiprojekthi.
I-Q2: Ngaba isakhiwo somzi-mveliso esineminyaka engama-20 ubudala sisakwazi ukuxhasa amandla elanga?
Ubudala bubodwa abunazigqibo. Isakhiwo esidala sinokudlula ukuba umhlwa uyalawuleka kwaye uyilo lokuqala lunomthamo owaneleyo ogciniweyo. Ukuba ilahleko yecandelo elinxulumene nomhlwa idlula umda ovumelekileyo, sebenzisa ukhuseleko lokutya kwaye uyiqinise kuqala.
Umbuzo 3: Ngubani ofanele alungise ingxelo yovavanyo lwesakhiwo?
Inkampani yobunjineli obufanelekileyo okanye inkampani yentsimbi kufuneka ikhuphe ingxelo. Kufuneka ibhale indibaniselwano yomthwalo, imilinganiselo yoxinzelelo, iziphumo zokuphambuka, kunye naziphi na iingcebiso zokuqinisa.
I-Q4: Yeyiphi i-purlin span kunye nobukhulu becandelo bufaneleka ngokubanzi kwi-solar yophahla?
Njengomgaqo wokuqala wesithupha, i-C-okanye i-Z-section purlins enecandelo elichongiweyo ubuncinci be-180 kwisithuba se-6 m, okanye i-220 malunga ne-8 m, kunokwenzeka ukuba idlule phantsi kwemithwalo ye-PV. Ukufaneleka kokugqibela kufuneka kungqinwe ngokubala kolwakhiwo.
Awuqinisekanga ukuba uphahla lwakho lunokuxhasa ilanga? Thumela i-span, ubukhulu be-purlin, unyaka wokwakha, kunye neefoto zophahla kuvavanyo lokuqala lwasimahla. I-imeyile: info@xzbesta.com
