Farashin wutar lantarki yana karuwa, kuma masu masana'anta da yawa suna kallon rufin rufin da ba a yi amfani da su ba a matsayin wuraren da za a iya amfani da hasken rana PV.
Me ya kamata ya fara zuwa? Yawancin masu mallakar suna farawa da tambayar kamfanonin hasken rana don farashin tsarin. Rabin hoton kenan. Don ginin masana'anta da aka kera da karfe, mataki na farko shine kimanta tsari. Idan rufin ba zai iya tallafawa tsarin lafiya ba, tattalin arzikin aikin ba zai ƙara ba.
Ƙididdigar masana'antu ɗaya ta sanya ƙimar wucewa don duba ƙarfin lodin PV akan rufin ƙarfe na yanzu a kasa da 50%. Kusan rabin tsoffin gine-ginen masana'anta na iya buƙatar ƙarfafawa kafin a iya shigar da hasken rana. Tsallake kimantawa da tafiya kai tsaye zuwa shigarwa na iya haifar da nakasar purlin, ɗigon rufin, ko ma abubuwan tsaro na tsari.
Wannan jagorar yayi bayanin cak guda uku, ka'idojin izinin wucewa/ gazawa, da farashi mai nuni idan rufin bai wuce kima ba.
Bincika 1: Ƙarfin Ƙaƙƙarfan Load
Abin da za a Duba
Bincika ko ƙirar asali tana da isassun ƙarfin lodi a ajiyar. Tsarin PV na rufin rufin (modules, tsarin hawa da igiyoyi), shigar da layi ɗaya zuwa gangaren rufin, yana ƙara kusan. 15-26 kg/m² (0.15-0.26 kN/m²).
Wannan bazai yi kama da yawa ba, amma a mataccen nauyi na dindindin. Zane na asali sau da yawa yana ɗaukar nauyin rayuwa na 0.5 kN/m² kawai don rufin da ba a yi niyya don samun dama na yau da kullun ba. Da zarar an haɗa nauyin matattun PV tare da nauyin iska da dusar ƙanƙara, zai iya amfani da ragowar ƙarfin da ya rage.
Sharuɗɗan Wucewa/Rashin kasawa
| Abun dubawa | Wuce | Kasa |
| Matsakaicin damuwa a ƙarƙashin haɗakar matattu, masu rai, iska da lokuta masu lodin dusar ƙanƙara | A cikin iyakoki da aka yarda | Ya wuce iyaka |
| Juyawar babban-frame | ≤ L/250 (aikin masana'antu na yau da kullun) | Ya wuce iyaka |
| Matsala- saman ginshiƙi | Tsakanin iyakacin lamba | Ya wuce iyaka |
Idan rufin ya gaza: Ƙarfafa babban firam, misali ta ƙara girman memba ko ƙara takalmin gyaran kafa. Wannan ma'auni ne mai tsadar gaske kuma yana buƙatar ƙirar injiniya ta musamman.
Bincika 2: Purlin Span da Girman Sashe
Abin da za a Duba
Ana gyara matsi masu hawa PV zuwa ga purlins. Saboda an ƙirƙiri nau'ikan kayan kwalliyar don kayan da ake da su, ƙarin 15-26 kg/m² na iya tura su sama da ƙarfin da aka yarda da su. Don gine-ginen masana'anta na portal tare da purlins C- ko Z-section, ana iya amfani da waɗannan ƙa'idodin babban yatsan hannu don gwajin farko:
- Tsayin Purlin na kusa da 6 m tare da wani yanki a ƙasa 180 → mai yiwuwa ya wuce iyakokin da aka yarda.
- Tsayin Purlin na kusa da 8 m tare da wani yanki a ƙasa 220 → mai yiwuwa ya wuce iyakokin da aka yarda.
Sharuɗɗan Wucewa/Rashin kasawa
| Abun dubawa | Wuce | Kasa |
| rabon damuwa na Purlin | A cikin iyakoki da aka yarda | Ya wuce iyaka |
| Juyawar Purlin | ≤ L/150 | Ya wuce iyaka |
| Shirye-shiryen gada / taye (lokacin da tsayi> 6 m) | Akalla layuka 2 | Layi 1 kawai; hadarin rashin zaman lafiya a gefe |
Idan purlins ba su isa ba amma babban firam ɗin yana da isasshen ƙarfi, ƙarfafawa ko maye gurbin purlins kawai zaɓi ne mai sauƙin sarrafawa kuma yawanci mafi ƙarancin tsada na matakan ƙarfafa uku.
Duba 3: Yanayin Lalacewa
Abin da za a Duba
Bincika rufin kariya da asarar da ke da alaƙa da lalata na yanki na giciye. Kula da wuraren da ƙura ko ruwa ke taruwa, wuraren da ake maimaita jika da bushewa, haɗi da wuraren ɓoye, da gefuna na buɗe rufin.
Hanyar: Da farko duba rufin don lalacewa. A wuraren da suka lalace, yi amfani da ma'aunin kauri na ultrasonic ko calipers don auna ainihin kauri da kwatanta shi da ainihin girman sashe.
Sharuɗɗan Wucewa/Rashin kasawa
| Abun dubawa | Wuce | Kasa |
| Rufewar kariya | M ko gyarawa | Rashin lalacewa mai yaɗuwa |
| Asara-sashe saboda lalata | ≤ 5% | > 5% |
| Haɗin kai (welds/bolts) | Babu sako-sako ko tsagewa | Sako-sako da fasteners ko fashe welds |
Idan asarar ɓangaren giciye saboda lalata ta wuce 5%, yi amfani da kariya ta lalata kuma ƙarfafa sashin da abin ya shafa kafin sake tantance ƙarfin rufin don lodin PV. Abubuwan haɗin kai suna ɗaukar fifiko akan komai: gyara haɗin gwiwa kafin yin la'akari da shigar da hasken rana.
Idan Rufin Ya Fassara: Inda Kuɗin Ke Zuwa
Matsakaicin farashin masana'antu:
| Aikin gyarawa | Farashin mai nuni | Bayanan kula |
| Ƙididdigar tabbatar da tsari | Dalar Amurka 1,400-4,200 | Da ake bukata; Haɗa ƙwararren injiniyan injiniya ko kamfani na ƙarfe don ƙirar ƙirar tsari da tabbatarwa |
| Ƙarfafa / maye gurbin Purlin | US $2,800-7,000 | Mafi yawan nau'in ƙarfafawa |
| Babban ƙarfin ƙarfafawa | US $11,000-21,000 | Ƙara girman memba/ƙara takalmin gyaran kafa; ƙayyadaddun ƙirar aikin da ake buƙata |
| Ƙarfafa tushen tushe | US $14,000-28,000 | Mafi girman zaɓi; da farko tabbatar ko ya zama dole |
Shari'ar taka tsantsan: Wata masana'anta ta shigar da PV ba tare da fara aiwatar da lissafin tsari ba. Bayan shekara guda, furannin su sun kai cm 5. Farashin gyare-gyare da ƙarfafawa ya kai kusan dalar Amurka 25,000, kuma an dakatar da samarwa har tsawon wata guda.
Ƙimar rufin yana kashe dala dubu kaɗan kawai. Tsallake shi yana nufin sanya rufin da ya cancanci ɗaruruwan dubban daloli-da duka layin samarwa—a cikin haɗari.
Bayan Ƙimar: Batun Ƙirar Ƙira
Da zarar rufin ya wuce kima, yi la'akari da haɗa PV cikin ƙirar tsari maimakon yin amfani da ginin PV (BAPV) na al'ada na ginin gini.
- Kayan aikin PV na iya maye gurbin ɓangaren rufin rufin a cikin ƙirar PV (BIPV) mai haɗin ginin, mai yuwuwar ragewa maimakon ƙara nauyin dindindin.
- Shirya bayanan hawa da haɗin kai a cikin zane-zane daga farkon don guje wa daidaitawa a kan shafin.
- Don dogon rufin rufin da ke da iyakataccen ƙarfin lodi, BIPV na iya kawar da ko rage ƙimar ƙarfafawa sosai.
Don sabon ginin masana'anta, wannan yana nufin "tsari ɗaya, tsarin gini ɗaya, da samar da wutar lantarki da aka gina a ciki." Don masana'anta data kasance wacce ta wuce kima, sake fasalin al'ada ya kasance zaɓi mai yuwuwa - amma cikakkun bayanan haɗin kai da rarraba kaya yakamata ƙungiyar ƙira ta sarrafa tare da ƙwarewar tsarin ƙarfe.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Q1: Shin tabbatar da tsari ya zama dole kafin shigar da hasken rana a saman rufin?
Ee. Ƙididdigar masana'antu sun sanya ƙimar wucewa don duba nauyin PV akan rufin ƙarfe na yanzu a ƙasa da 50%. Ƙididdigar tsari na taimakawa wajen sarrafa wannan haɗari; a kan dalar Amurka 1,400–4,200, ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi ƙarancin tsaro a cikin aikin.
Q2: Shin ginin masana'anta da ke da shekaru 20 har yanzu yana tallafawa hasken rana?
Shekaru kadai ba shi da yanke hukunci. Wani tsohon gini na iya wucewa idan ana sarrafa lalata kuma ƙirar asali tana da isasshen ƙarfin ajiya. Idan asarar sashin da ke da alaƙa da lalata ta wuce iyakar da aka yarda, yi amfani da kariya ta lalata kuma a fara ƙarfafa shi.
Q3: Wanene ya kamata ya shirya rahoton kimanta tsarin?
Wani ƙwararren injiniyan injiniya ko kamfani na ƙarfe ya kamata ya ba da rahoton. Ya kamata ya rubuta haɗaɗɗun kaya, ƙimar damuwa, binciken karkatarwa, da kowane shawarwarin ƙarfafawa.
Q4: Menene tsawon purlin da girman sashe gabaɗaya dace da hasken rana na saman rufin?
A matsayin ka'idar farko ta babban yatsan hannu, sassan C- ko Z-purlins tare da wani sashe na aƙalla 180 a tazarar kusan 6 m, ko 220 a kusa da 8 m, sun fi dacewa su wuce ƙarƙashin nauyin PV. Dole ne a tabbatar da dacewa ta ƙarshe ta lissafin tsari.
Ba tabbata rufin ku zai iya tallafawa hasken rana? Aika tazarar, girman purlin, shekarar gini, da hotunan rufin don ƙimar farko ta kyauta. Imel: info@xzbesta.com
