Ibiciro by'amashanyarazi birazamuka, kandi ba nyir'uruganda benshi bareba ibisenge byabo bidakoreshwa nk'ahantu hashobora kuba izuba PV.
Ni iki kigomba kuza mbere? Ba nyirubwite benshi batangira gusaba ibigo byizuba kubiciro bya module. Icyo ni kimwe cya kabiri cy'ishusho. Ku nyubako ihari yubakishijwe ibyuma, intambwe yambere ni isuzuma ryimiterere. Niba igisenge kidashobora gushyigikira sisitemu neza, ubukungu bwumushinga ntabwo bwiyongera.
Ikigereranyo kimwe cyinganda gishyiraho igipimo cyatsinzwe kuri PV imitwaro-igenzura hejuru yicyuma kiriho munsi ya 50%. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyamazu ashaje arashobora gukenera imbaraga mbere yuko izuba rishyirwaho. Kureka isuzuma hanyuma ugahita ushyira mubikorwa birashobora gutuma habaho ihinduka rya purlin, ibisenge bitemba, cyangwa umutekano muke.
Aka gatabo gasobanura cheque eshatu, ibipimo byabo / gutsindwa, hamwe nigiciro cyerekana niba igisenge kitatsinze isuzuma.
Reba 1: Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo
Icyo Kugenzura
Reba niba igishushanyo cyumwimerere gifite ubushobozi bwumutwaro uhagije mububiko. Sisitemu yo hejuru ya PV (modules, imiterere yububiko hamwe ninsinga), yashyizwemo ibangikanye nu gisenge, yongeraho hafi 15-26 kg / m² (0.15–0.26 kN / m²).
Ibyo ntibishobora kumvikana nkibintu byinshi, ariko ni a umutwaro uhoraho. Igishushanyo cyumwimerere gikunze gufata umutwaro muzima wa 0.5 kN / m² gusa kubisenge bitagenewe kuboneka bisanzwe. Iyo PV ipfuye imizigo ihujwe numuyaga na shelegi, irashobora gukoresha byoroshye ubushobozi busigaye.
Gutambuka / Kunanirwa
| Ikintu cyo kugenzura | Pass | Kunanirwa |
| Ikigereranyo cya Stress munsi yabapfuye bapfuye, bazima, umuyaga na shelegi | Mubipaka byemewe | Kurenga imipaka |
| Igice kinini | ≤ L / 250 (imyitozo nganda isanzwe) | Kurenga imipaka |
| Inkingi-hejuru | Mugihe ntarengwa | Kurenga imipaka |
Niba igisenge cyananiranye: Shimangira ikadiri nkuru, kurugero mukongera ingano yabanyamuryango cyangwa ukongeramo imirongo. Iki nigipimo gishimangira imbaraga kandi gisaba igishushanyo mbonera cyumushinga.
Reba 2: Ingano ya Purlin nubunini bwigice
Icyo Kugenzura
Amashanyarazi ya PV yashyizwe kuri purlins. Kuberako purline yabanje kuba minini kumitwaro ihari, inyongera 15-26 kg / m² irashobora kubasunika kurenza ubushobozi bwabo bwemewe. Kububiko bwuruganda rwamazu hamwe na C- cyangwa Z-igice cya purlins, aya mategeko yombi yintoki arashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma kwambere:
- Purlin ifite uburebure bwa m 6 hamwe nigice cyagenwe munsi ya 180 → birashoboka kurenza imipaka yemewe
- Purlin ifite uburebure bwa m 8 hamwe nigice cyagenwe munsi ya 220 → birashoboka kurenza imipaka yemewe
Gutambuka / Kunanirwa
| Ikintu cyo kugenzura | Pass | Kunanirwa |
| Ikigereranyo cya Purlin | Mubipaka byemewe | Kurenga imipaka |
| Purlin | / L / 150 | Kurenga imipaka |
| Gutegura / guhuza gahunda (iyo span> 6 m) | Nibura imirongo 2 | Umurongo 1 gusa; ibyago byo guhungabana kuruhande |
Niba purline idahagije ariko ikadiri nyamukuru ifite ubushobozi buhagije, gushimangira cyangwa gusimbuza purline gusa nuburyo bworoshye bwo gucunga kandi mubisanzwe bihenze cyane mubikorwa bitatu byo gushimangira.
Reba 3: Imiterere ya Ruswa
Icyo Kugenzura
Kugenzura igifuniko cyo gukingira hamwe no gutakaza ruswa gutakaza agace kambukiranya. Witondere cyane cyane aho umukungugu cyangwa amazi birundanyiriza, ahantu hashobora guterwa inshuro nyinshi no gukama, guhuza hamwe n’ahantu hihishe, no ku nkombe z’ifungura.
Uburyo: Banza ugenzure igifuniko cyangiritse. Ahantu harangiritse, koresha ultrasonic yububiko bwa gipima cyangwa Calipers kugirango upime uburebure bwibintu nyabyo hanyuma ubigereranye nuburinganire bwigice cyambere.
Gutambuka / Kunanirwa
| Ikintu cyo kugenzura | Pass | Kunanirwa |
| Kurinda | Byuzuye cyangwa bisanwa | Kunanirwa gukwirakwira hose |
| Igihombo cyambukiranya igice kubera ruswa | ≤ 5% | > 5% |
| Kwihuza (gusudira / bolts) | Nta kurekura cyangwa gucika | Gufunga ibyuma cyangwa gusudira |
Niba igihombo cyambukiranya igice kubera ruswa kirenze 5%, shyira mu bikorwa kurinda ruswa kandi ushimangire igice cyanduye mbere yo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwinzu hejuru yimitwaro ya PV. Ibibazo byo guhuza bifata umwanya wa mbere mubindi byose: gusana imiyoboro mbere yo gusuzuma izuba.
Niba igisenge cyatsinzwe: Aho amafaranga Ajya
Inganda zerekana ibiciro:
| Akazi ko gukosora | Igiciro cyerekana | Inyandiko |
| Ibiharuro byo kugenzura | US $ 1,400–4,200 | Birasabwa; shyira mubikorwa byubwubatsi bujuje ibyangombwa cyangwa uruganda rukora ibyuma byo kwerekana imiterere no kugenzura |
| Purlin gushimangira / gusimburwa | US $ 2.800–7,000 | Icyiciro cyo gushimangira cyane |
| Ibyingenzi-gushimangira | US $ 11,000–21,000 | Ongera ubunini bwabanyamuryango / ongeraho imirongo; umushinga wihariye usabwa |
| Gushimangira umusingi | US $ 14,000-28.000 | Ihitamo ryinshi; banza wemeze niba koko ari ngombwa |
Ikibazo cyo kwitondera: Uruganda rumwe rwashyizeho PV idabanje kubara imiterere. Umwaka umwe, purline zayo zari zaragabanutse kuri cm 5. Gusana no gushimangira byatwaye amadolari ya Amerika 25.000, kandi umusaruro wahagaritswe ukwezi.
Gusuzuma igisenge bigura amadorari ibihumbi bike gusa. Gusimbuka bisobanura gushyira igisenge gifite agaciro k'ibihumbi magana by'amadolari - n'umurongo wose w'umusaruro - mu kaga.
Nyuma yisuzuma: Urubanza rwo gushushanya
Igisenge kimaze gutsinda isuzuma, tekereza kwinjiza PV mubishushanyo mbonera aho gukoresha inyubako isanzwe ikoreshwa na PV (BAPV) retrofit.
- Module ya PV irashobora gusimbuza igice cyigisenge cyometseho inyubako ihuriweho na PV (BIPV), birashoboka kugabanuka aho kongera umutwaro uhoraho.
- Tegura gushiraho no guhuza ibisobanuro mubishushanyo uhereye mugitangira kugirango wirinde kurubuga.
- Kubisenge birebire bifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ibintu, BIPV irashobora gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya cyane ibiciro byimbaraga.
Ku nyubako nshya y'uruganda, ibi bisobanura “igishushanyo mbonera kimwe, icyiciro kimwe cyo kubaka, hamwe n'amashanyarazi yubatswe.” Ku ruganda ruriho rutsinda isuzuma, retrofit isanzwe ikomeza kuba inzira nziza - ariko ibisobanuro birambuye hamwe nogukwirakwiza imizigo bigomba gukemurwa nitsinda ryabashushanyije rifite ubuhanga bwubaka ibyuma.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Q1: Ese kugenzura imiterere birakenewe mbere yo gushyiraho izuba hejuru?
Yego. Inganda zigereranya shyira igipimo cya pasike yo kugenzura imitwaro ya PV hejuru yicyuma kiri munsi ya 50%. Ibiharuro byubaka bifasha gucunga ibi byago; kuri US $ 1,400–4,200, ni bumwe mu buryo buhenze cyane mu mushinga.
Q2: Inyubako y'uruganda imaze imyaka 20 irashobora gushyigikira izuba?
Imyaka yonyine ntabwo ari icyemezo. Inyubako ishaje irashobora kunyura mugihe ruswa igenzuwe kandi igishushanyo mbonera gifite ubushobozi buhagije mububiko. Niba igihombo kijyanye no kwangirika kirenze igipimo cyemewe, koresha uburinzi bwa ruswa hanyuma ubishimangire mbere.
Q3: Ninde ukwiye gutegura raporo yisuzuma ryimiterere?
Isosiyete yujuje ibyangombwa byubaka cyangwa isosiyete ikora ibyuma igomba gutanga raporo. Igomba kwandika imizigo ikomatanya, ibipimo byo guhangayika, ibisubizo byahindutse, hamwe nibyifuzo byo gushimangira.
Q4: Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa purlin n'ubunini bw'igice bikwiranye n'izuba ryo hejuru?
Nka tegeko ryambere ryintoki, C- cyangwa Z-igice cya purlins hamwe nigice cyagenwe byibuze 180 kuri metero 6, cyangwa 220 kuri m 8, birashoboka cyane ko byanyura munsi yimitwaro ya PV. Ibikwiye byanyuma bigomba kwemezwa kubara.
Ntabwo uzi neza ko igisenge cyawe gishobora gushyigikira izuba? Ohereza span, ingano ya purlin, umwaka wubwubatsi, namafoto yo hejuru kugirango usuzume kubuntu. Imeri: info@xzbesta.com
