Mitengo yamagetsi ikukwera, ndipo eni fakitale ambiri akuyang'ana madenga awo osagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo omwe angathe kupangira PV ya dzuwa.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kubwera poyamba? Eni ake ambiri amayamba ndikufunsa makampani a solar mitengo ya module. Ndilo theka chabe la chithunzicho. Kwa nyumba ya fakitale yopangidwa ndi chitsulo yomwe ilipo, sitepe yoyamba ndiyo kuyesa kwapangidwe. Ngati denga silingathe kuthandizira dongosololi, chuma cha polojekiti sichikuwonjezera.
Chiyerekezo chimodzi chamakampani chimayika kuchuluka kwa macheke pamacheke azitsulo a PV pa madenga achitsulo omwe alipo pansi pa 50%. Pafupifupi theka la nyumba zamafakitale akale zingafunike kulimbikitsidwa kuti ma solar ayambe kuikidwa. Kudumpha kuwunika ndikupita molunjika kukayika kumatha kubweretsa kupindika kwa purlin, kutayikira padenga, kapenanso zochitika zachitetezo.
Bukuli likufotokoza macheke atatu, njira zawo zopambana / zolephera, ndi ndalama zowonetsera ngati denga silikuyesa.
Chongani 1: Mphamvu Yonyamula Katundu
Zoyenera Kuwona
Yang'anani ngati mapangidwe oyambirirawo ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira zolemetsa. Dongosolo la PV padenga (ma module, mawonekedwe okwera ndi zingwe), zoyikidwa molingana ndi denga la denga, zimawonjezera pafupifupi 15–26kg/m² (0.15–0.26 kN/m²).
Izi sizingamveke ngati zambiri, koma ndi a katundu wakufa wamuyaya. Mapangidwe apachiyambi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi katundu wamoyo wa 0.5 kN/m² padenga lomwe silinapangidwe kuti lizifika nthawi zonse. Katundu wakufa wa PV ukaphatikizidwa ndi katundu wamphepo ndi matalala, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotsalira.
Zofunikira Zodutsa / Zolephera
| Chinthu choyendera | Pitani | Kulephera |
| Chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika pansi pa milandu yakufa, yamoyo, yamphepo ndi chipale chofewa | Mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka | Kupitilira malire |
| Kupatuka kwa chimango chachikulu | ≤ L/250 (mchitidwe wamba wamakampani) | Kupitilira malire |
| Kusamuka kwa mzati-pamwamba | Mkati mwa code malire | Kupitilira malire |
Ngati denga lalephera: Limbikitsani chimango chachikulu, mwachitsanzo powonjezera kukula kwa mamembala kapena kuwonjezera ma bracing. Iyi ndi njira yolimbikitsira yokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo imafuna makonzedwe aukadaulo okhudzana ndi projekiti.
Chongani 2: Purlin Span ndi Gawo Kukula
Zoyenera Kuwona
PV mounting clamps amakhazikika pa purlins. Chifukwa ma purlin poyambilira anali ndi kukula kwa katundu omwe analipo kale, 15-26 kg/m² wowonjezera akhoza kuwakankhira kupitirira mphamvu yawo yololeka. Kwa nyumba zamafakitole zokhala ndi mapulaneti a C- kapena Z-gawo, malamulo awiriwa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana koyamba:
- Kutalika kwa Purlin kozungulira 6 m wokhala ndi gawo lochepera 180 → mwina kupitilira malire ovomerezeka
- Kutalika kwa Purlin kozungulira 8 m wokhala ndi gawo lochepera 220 → mwina kupitilira malire ovomerezeka
Zofunikira Zodutsa / Zolephera
| Chinthu choyendera | Pitani | Kulephera |
| Purlin stress ratio | Mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka | Kupitilira malire |
| Kutembenuka kwa Purlin | ≤ L/150 | Kupitilira malire |
| Kukonza mlatho/matayi (pamene kutalika kwake> 6 m) | Mizere yosachepera iwiri | Mzere umodzi wokha; chiopsezo cha lateral kusakhazikika |
Ngati ma purlins ndi osakwanira koma chimango chachikulu chimakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, kulimbikitsa kapena kusintha ma purlin okha ndi njira yotheka kutha ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri pazitsulo zitatu zolimbikitsira.
Chongani 3: Corrosion Condition
Zoyenera Kuwona
Yang'anani zokutira zoteteza ndi kuwonongeka kokhudzana ndi dzimbiri kwa malo ozungulira. Samalani makamaka malo omwe fumbi kapena madzi amawunjikana, malo omwe amanyowetsedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi kuyanika, kugwirizana ndi malo obisika, ndi m'mphepete mwa mipata ya denga.
Njira: Choyamba yang'anani zokutira ngati zawonongeka. Pa kuonongeka malo, ntchito akupanga makulidwe gauge kapena calipers kuyeza zenizeni zakuthupi makulidwe ndi kuyerekeza ndi choyambirira gawo miyeso.
Zofunikira Zodutsa / Zolephera
| Chinthu choyendera | Pitani | Kulephera |
| Kuphimba koteteza | Zosasunthika kapena zokonzedwanso | Kuchuluka ❖ kuyanika kulephera |
| Kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha dzimbiri | ≤ 5% | 5% |
| Malumikizidwe (welds / mabawuti) | Palibe looseness kapena ming'alu | Zomangira zotayirira kapena ma welds osweka |
Ngati kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha dzimbiri kupitilira 5%, gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo cha dzimbiri ndikulimbitsa gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa musanayang'anenso mphamvu ya denga la katundu wa PV. Nkhani zamalumikizidwe ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse: konzani zolumikizira musanaganizire kukhazikitsa kwadzuwa.
Denga Likalephera: Kumene Ndalama Zimapita
Chiwonetsero cha mtengo wamakampani:
| Ntchito yokonzanso | Mtengo wowonetsera | Zolemba |
| Mawerengedwe otsimikizira zomanga | US$1,400–4,200 | Zofunika; gwirani ndi kampani yoyenerera yopanga zomangamanga kapena kampani yopanga zitsulo kuti ipangitse mawonekedwe ndi kutsimikizira |
| Purlin kulimbikitsa / kusintha | US$2,800–7,000 | The ambiri kulimbikitsa gulu |
| Main-frame reinforcement | US$11,000–21,000 | Wonjezerani kukula kwa mamembala / onjezani bracing; pulojekiti yeniyeni yofunikira |
| Kulimbikitsa maziko | US$14,000–28,000 | Njira yowonjezereka kwambiri; choyamba tsimikizirani ngati kuli kofunikira |
Chenjezo: Fakitale ina idayika PV popanda kuwerengera kaye. Patatha chaka chimodzi, ma purlins ake adatsika ndi masentimita 5. Kukonza ndi kulimbikitsa kumawononga pafupifupi US$25,000, ndipo kupanga kunayimitsidwa kwa mwezi umodzi.
Kuwunika padenga kumangotengera madola masauzande ochepa okha. Kulilumpha kumatanthauza kuika denga la madola zikwi mazanamazana—ndi njira yonse yopangira—pangozi.
Pambuyo pa Kuunikako: Mlandu Wophatikiza Mapangidwe
Denga likadutsa kuwunika, ganizirani kuphatikiza PV mu kapangidwe kake m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito PV (BAPV) retrofit wamba.
- Ma module a PV amatha kusintha gawo la denga lotchingidwa ndi pulani ya PV (BIPV), yomwe imatha kuchepetsa m'malo mowonjezera katundu wokhazikika.
- Konzani zoyikapo ndi kulumikizana muzojambula kuyambira koyambira kuti mupewe kusintha komwe kuli patsamba.
- Kwa madenga aatali okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, BIPV ikhoza kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zolimbitsira.
Kwa nyumba yatsopano ya fakitale, izi zikutanthauza “mapangidwe amodzi, gawo limodzi lomanga, ndi kupanga magetsi omangidwamo.” Kwa fakitale yomwe ilipo yomwe imadutsa muyeso, kubwezeredwa kwachizolowezi kumakhalabe njira yotheka-koma tsatanetsatane wa kugwirizana ndi kugawa katundu ayenera kusamaliridwa ndi gulu lojambula lomwe lili ndi luso lachitsulo.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Q1: Kodi kutsimikizika kwamapangidwe ndikofunikira musanayike padenga la solar?
Inde. Kuyerekeza kwamakampani kumapangitsa kuti chiwongola dzanja cha macheke a PV padenga lachitsulo likhale pansi pa 50%. Kuwerengera kwamapangidwe kumathandiza kuthana ndi ngoziyi; pa US$1,400–4,200, ndi imodzi mwa zodzitetezera zotsika mtengo pantchitoyi.
Q2: Kodi nyumba ya fakitale yomwe ili ndi zaka 20 imathandizirabe dzuwa?
Zaka zokha sizimasankha. Nyumba yakale ikhoza kudutsa ngati dzimbiri likuwongoleredwa ndipo kapangidwe koyambirira kamakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zosungidwa. Ngati kuwonongeka kwa gawo lokhudzana ndi dzimbiri kupitilira malire ovomerezeka, gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo cha dzimbiri ndikuchilimbitsa kaye.
Q3: Ndani ayenera kukonza lipoti la kasamalidwe ka zinthu?
Kampani yoyenerera yopanga zomangamanga kapena kampani yopanga zitsulo iyenera kupereka lipotilo. Iyenera kulemba kuphatikiza kwa katundu, kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika, zomwe zapezedwa, ndi malingaliro aliwonse olimbikitsa.
Q4: Ndi nthawi yanji ya purlin ndi kukula kwa gawo komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera padenga la solar?
Monga lamulo loyamba la chala chachikulu, ma purlins a C-kapena Z omwe ali ndi gawo la osachepera 180 pamtunda wa mamita 6, kapena 220 pafupifupi mamita 8, amatha kudutsa pansi pa katundu wa PV. Kuyenerera komaliza kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi mawerengedwe apangidwe.
Simukutsimikiza kuti denga lanu likhoza kuthandizira dzuwa? Tumizani kutalika, kukula kwa purlin, chaka chomanga, ndi zithunzi zapadenga kuti muwunikenso kwaulere. Imelo: info@xzbesta.com
