Uninzi lweengxaki kunye nophahla lwe-photovoltaics oludibeneyo lwesakhiwo (BIPV) alubangelwa ukubala kwesakhiwo esingalunganga, kodwa ngokufumana ulandelelwano lwe-layout olungalunganga.
Indlela eqhelekileyo yokubeka i-purlins ngokubhekiselele kuyilo lwesakhiwo, khetha indawo efanelekileyo yokujikeleza inombolo-njenge-1.5 m okanye i-1.2 m-kwaye ufake iimodyuli ze-PV phezulu. Isiqingatha sofakelo, iqela linokufumanisa ukuba indawo yokuxhasa iwela ngaphakathi kwe-100 mm yomda wemodyuli, okanye ukuba i-fastener ifike kwindawo ebuthathaka yesakhelo semodyuli. Imizobo mayihlaziywe, izibalo ziphindwe, kwaye ishedyuli yeprojekthi inokulibaziseka kwiiveki ezimbini.
Ulandelelwano oluchanekileyo luyi-reverse: misela imilinganiselo yemodyuli kuqala, ukuseka inani lemigca yenkxaso, ubale i-purlin spacing, kwaye emva koko ukhethe amacandelo e-purlin.
Esi sikhokelo sichaza yonke inkqubo, sibonelela ngeereferensi zoluhlu lwezithuba ze-purlin, ubungakanani becandelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi, kwaye sibonisa ukuba kutheni ukuphambuka kudla ngokuba sisinyanzelo soyilo olulawulayo ngaphambi kokuba amandla enze.
Imilinganiselo yeModyuli ye-PV Misela iMilayini yeNkxaso, Emisela iSithuba sePurlin
Amalungiselelo amabini eNkxaso ayiSiseko
Imodyuli ye-PV yokulinganisa i-2,278 × 1,134 mm inokuxhaswa kwii-purlins kwiinkqubo ezimbini ezisisiseko.
| ULungiselelo lweNkxaso | Ukuqhelaniswa nemodyuli | Imiphetho exhaswayo | Isithuba sePurlin |
| Inkxaso yecala elide | Ukuqhelaniswa nembonakalo yomhlaba | Imiphetho emibini emide | Ilingana necala elifutshane lemodyuli, malunga ne-1.13 m |
| Inkxaso yecala elifutshane | Ukuqhelaniswa nomfanekiso | Imiphetho emibini emifutshane | Ilingana necala elide lemodyuli, malunga ne-2.28 m |
Isithuba sePurlin asilokhetho olungenamkhethe; ithathwa kuyilo lwemodyuli. Ngomlinganiselo wemodyuli omfutshane we-1,134 mm, isithuba esihambelanayo simalunga ne-1.13 m. Ngomlinganiselo wecala elide we-2,278 mm, malunga ne-2.28 m. Akukho mgca wenkxaso ophakathi kuyo nayiphi na ilungiselelo elisisiseko ngaphandle kokuba inkxaso yesithathu yongezwa.
Zifuneka nini iintambo eziNtathu zeNkxaso?
Kwiindawo ezinkulu, imithwalo ephezulu yomoya okanye iimodyuli ezinzima, ukuxhaswa kwamanqaku amabini kunokungonelanga. Esinye isisombululo kukongeza i-purlin ngaphantsi kombindi wemodyuli, ukwahlula i-span yasekuqaleni ibe zispan ezimbini.
Nge-purlin ephakathi eyongeziweyo, isithuba phakathi kwemigca yenkxaso iba malunga ne-1.14 m okanye i-1.13 m, ivelisa uqwalaselo olufana nenkxaso yecala elide. Ukurhweba kukuba i-purlins eninzi iyadingeka, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi iyonke.
Izithintelo zoMda womda
Umgama owaneleyo kufuneka ugcinwe phakathi komda wemodyuli kunye ne-purlin centerline. Izibambisi eziqhelekileyo zinobubanzi obubambekayo obuyi-30–40 mm. Ukuba i-purlin centerline isondele kakhulu kumda wemodyuli, i-clamp ayinakubamba ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuba ikude kakhulu, i-module overhang iba yinto egqithisileyo, inyusa umngcipheko wokuguqulwa kweembombo phantsi kokuphakanyiswa komoya.
Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo woshishino kukumisa i-purlin centerline 50-100 mm ngaphakathi ukusuka kumda wemodyuli ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba i-overhang ayidluli kwi-fifth yesihlanu ye-short-side dimension yemodyuli.
Indlela iPurlin Spacing ichaphazela ngayo uKhetho lweCandelo
Xa isithuba se-purlin siphindwe kabini, umthwalo womgca othwelwe yi-purlin nganye uphinde uphindwe kabini, uthatha umthwalo wendawo efanayo. Ubungakanani becandelo kufuneka bonyuswe ngokufanelekileyo.
| Isithuba sePurlin | Icandelo eliqhelekileyo | Ubunzima bethiyori | USetyenziso lweNsimbi ngokweYunithi yoMmandla nganye | Amanqaku |
| 1.13 m | C160 × 60 × 20 × 2.5 | Malunga. 6.3 kg/m | Malunga. 5.5kg/m² | I-purlins engaphezulu, umthwalo ophantsi kwilungu ngalinye kunye nokuphathwa lula ngexesha lofakelo |
| 1.50 m | C180 × 70 × 20 × 2.5 | Malunga. 7.1 kg/m | Malunga. 4.7kg/m² | Isisombululo sokulalanisa; ukuphambuka kufuneka kujongwe |
| 2.28 m | C220 × 70 × 20 × 3.0 | Malunga. 9.4 kg/m | Malunga. 4.1kg/m² | Iipurlin ezimbalwa, umthwalo ophezulu kwilungu ngalinye; ukuphambuka kusenokuba ngumba osisithintelo |
Ngokusekwe kusetyenziso lwentsimbi yodwa, inkxaso ye-short-edge enesithuba se-2.28 m ibonakala inoqoqosho ngakumbi malunga ne-4.1 kg/m²—ngaphezu kwama-20% ngaphantsi kwe-5.5 kg/m² ehambelana nenkxaso yecala elide.
Nangona kunjalo, eli nani akufuneki liqwalaselwe lodwa. Isizathu sicaca kwicandelo elilandelayo.
Ukuphambuka: Umda Onokufikelelwa Phambi kokuba Amandla Abaluleke
Umiselwa Njani Umda Wokuphambuka?
Kwii-purlins zophahla phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, umda weshishini osetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo L/200. Ezinye iiprojekthi ezinobungqongqo bokuchasa umoya kunye neemfuneko zokuthintela amanzi zisenokusebenzisa L/250.
Kwiprojekthi enobude obuyi-7.5 m, i-L/200 ivumela ukuphambuka kwe-37.5 mm kuphela. Kwi-9 m ubude, umda yi-45 mm. Ezi zibonelelo zithintele kakhulu kumalungu entsimbi.
Kutheni le nto ukuPhindwa kabini kweSithuba sePurlin Kwenza ukuphambuka kube nzima ngakumbi ukukulawula?
Ukuphambuka kuhambelana nomthwalo osasazwa ngokufanayo kunye nokulinganisa ngokungafaniyo nomzuzu wesibini wendawo, uthatha ixesha elifanayo kunye neemeko zenkxaso.
Xa isithuba se-purlin sinyuka ukusuka kwi-1.13 m ukuya kwi-2.28 m, umthwalo womgca kwi-purlin nganye uphindwe kabini, njengoko kwenza ukuphambuka phantsi kweemeko ezingatshintshiyo. Ukwandisa icandelo ukusuka kwi-C160 ukuya kwi-C220 kubonelela kuphela ukunyuka okulinganiselwe kwinqanaba lesibini lendawo, elingenakuhlawulela ngokupheleleyo umthwalo owongezelelweyo.
Ngenxa yoko, uqwalaselo lwamandla lusenokwanelisa umda ovumelekileyo ngelixa uqwalaselo lokuphambuka lusilela. Le yenye yezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo zoyilo lwe-roof-purlin kwaye zihlala zifunyanwa kuphela ngexesha lokuphononongwa komzobo.
Kutheni le nto iiMfuno zokuphambuka zingqongqo ngakumbi kuphahla lwe-BIPV?
Kwinkqubo ye-photovoltaics (BAPV) esetyenzisiweyo kwisakhiwo, iimodyuli ze-PV zifakwe kwisakhiwo senkxaso eso sifakwe kwiphahla lesinyithi. Ukuphambuka okugqithisileyo kunokuphazamisa izitywina phakathi kwesakhiwo senkxaso kunye neepaneli zephahla, ukudala umcimbi wokulondoloza onokuthi ngamanye amaxesha uqwalaselwe ngokutsha okanye ukutshintshwa kwee-gaskets.
Kwinkqubo ye-BIPV, iimodyuli zePV ngokwazo zenza inxalenye yemvulophu yophahla. Ukuba i-purlin ijika nge-5 mm, i-joint panel ingavula nge-5 mm. Ukuqhubekeka kokuthintela amanzi kuxhomekeke ekuqineni kwesakhiwo kunye neenkcukacha zokutywinwa.
Kungenxa yoko uphahla lwe-BIPV luhlala lufuna ulawulo olungqongqo lokuphambuka kunophahla oluqhelekileyo lwentsimbi, kwaye kutheni amalungiselelo okuxhasa amafutshane anokwaliwa kwiiprojekthi ezinezithuba ezinkulu zekholomu.
Imiqobo emithathu eyongezelelweyo enokutshintsha iSithuba sePurlin
Izithuba zeKholam
I-purlin span inqunywe yisithuba phakathi kweekholamu eziphambili zefreyimu. Izithuba zekholomu ze-6 m, 7.5 m kunye ne-9 m ziinketho eziqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo zoshishino.
Njengoko isithuba sekholomu sikhula, i-purlin span iba yinde, ifuna ngokubanzi amacandelo anzulu kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi. Isithuba sePurlin kufuneka ke ngoko sikhethwe ngaphakathi kwesakhelo soyilo lwekholam esekiweyo kunokuzimela.
PV Module Joints
Izikhundla ze-Purlin kufuneka zihambelane kunye nezihlanganisi phakathi kweemodyuli ze-PV. Ukuba i-purlin iwela ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi kombindi wemodyuli, i-fasteners inokuthi ihlale kwindawo engaxhaswanga ye-backsheet yemodyuli, ishiya uxhulumaniso luxhomekeke ekubambeni kunye nokunciphisa ukuqina okuhlangeneyo.
Ngexesha lokwakheka kwephaneli, phawula imigca edibeneyo yemodyuli kuqala kwaye emva koko umisele i-purlin centerlines. Oku kulandelelana akufuneki kubuyiselwe umva.
Ukuhamba kweThermal
Xa amaqondo okushisa ephahla afikelela kuma-70 ° C, i-purlins yensimbi kunye neefreyimu zemodyuli ze-aluminium zanda kumazinga ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuba i-coefficients yabo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal iyahluka. Ukwandiswa kwe-longitudinal yabo ke ngoko akufani. Indlela yobunjineli eqhelekileyo kukubandakanya iinkcukacha ze-sliding ecaleni kolwalathiso lwexesha elide, ukuvumela ukunyakaza okulinganiselweyo phakathi kweemodyuli kunye ne-purlins.
Isithuba se-purlin esingqongqo kakhulu sinokuyinqanda le ntshukumo kwaye yonyuse uxinzelelo lwezakhelo zemodyuli. Ngoko ke, isithuba esikufutshane sepurlin ayithethi ngokuzenzekelayo uyilo olukhuselekileyo.
Umzekelo opheleleyo wokuKhetha iPurlin
Iimeko ezicingelwayo: isithuba sekholomu ye-7.5 m, uphahla oludibeneyo lwe-BIPV, iimodyuli ze-PV ezilinganisa i-2,278 × 1,134 mm, kunye neprojekthi ebekwe kwindawo ephakathi yoxinzelelo lomoya.
Inyathelo 1: Khetha ilungiselelo lenkxaso. Isithuba phakathi kweekholam eziyi-7.5 m sikhulu noko. Ngenkxaso ye-short-edge kunye ne-purlin spacing ye-2.28 m, ukuphambuka kunokuba nzima ukulawula phantsi komda we-L / 200. Inkxaso yecala elide kwi-landscape orientation ngoko ikhethiwe, kunye ne-purlin spacing ye-1.13 m.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Khetha icandelo le-purlin. Usebenzisa umthwalo ofileyo oyi-20 kg/m², ugcino lomthwalo ophilayo we-0.5 kN/m² kunye nendibaniselwano yomthwalo womoya wendawo esebenzayo, bala umthwalo womgca uze ukhethe icandelo le-C160 × 60 × 20 × 2.5. Ukuba uxinzelelo lomoya luphezulu, phucula ukuya kwi-C180 × 70 × 20 × 2.5.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Qinisekisa ukuphambuka. Kwisithuba se-7.5 m, umda we-L/200 ngu-37.5 mm. Qwalasela ukuphambuka phantsi komthwalo ofanelekileyo wokudibanisa kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uhlala ngaphakathi komda ovunyelweyo.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Lungelelanisa amalungu emodyuli. Lungiselela iimodyuli usebenzisa imodyuli yoyilo lwe-1,134 mm. Ukulungelelanisa i-purlin centerlines kunye nemigca edibeneyo yemodyuli, kunye nokunyamezela okujoliswe kuyo kwi-± 5 mm.
Inyathelo lesi-5: Gqibezela imizobo yoyilo. Bonisa ngokucacileyo isithuba se-purlin, ukucaciswa kwecandelo, izikhundla ze-fastener, iziphelo zesilayidi kunye neziphelo ezisisigxina.
Ukulandela olu landelelwano kunceda ukunciphisa ukubakho kohlaziyo lwesakhiwo ngexesha lokuphononongwa komzobo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
I-Q1: Yintoni isithuba esiqhelekileyo phakathi kwee-purlins zephahla?
Uluhlu lweshishini oluqhelekileyo luyi-1.0-1.5 m. Esona sithuba sixhomekeke kubungakanani bemodyuli, ulungiselelo lwenkxaso kunye nendibaniselwano yomthwalo. Kwimodyuli ene-short-side dimension ye-1,134 mm, inkxaso yobude obude ihambelana malunga ne-1.13 m yesithuba. Inkxaso ye-short-edge esekelwe kwi-long-side dimension ye-2,278 mm ihambelana malunga ne-2.28 m, edlula uluhlu oluqhelekileyo kwaye idinga isheke sokuphambuka esahlukileyo.
I-Q2: Ngaba isithuba esincinci se-purlin sihlala sisenza uphahla lukhuseleke?
Hayi. Isithuba esincinci sithetha i-purlins eninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ephezulu. Inokuthi ithintele intshukumo yesilayidi efunekayo ukulungiselela ukwandiswa kwe-thermal, ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwezithintelo kwizakhelo zemodyuli. Indlela echanekileyo kukwanelisa ukuphambuka, amandla kunye neemfuno zokushukuma kwe-thermal ngaxeshanye.
I-Q3: Ngaba uphahla lwe-BIPV lungasebenzisa i-purlin yoyilo olufanayo njengophahla lwentsimbi yesiqhelo?
Oku akukhuthazwa ngaphandle kokuphononongwa koyilo oluthile. Imida yokuphambuka kuphahla lwentsimbi oluqhelekileyo lujongana nokuphuma kwamanzi kunye nokubonakala, kanti uphahla lwe-BIPV kufuneka lugcine ukuqhubeka phakathi kweemodyuli ze-PV kunye nenkqubo yokukhusela amanzi. Ulungiselelo olufanayo lwe-purlin lunokwanela kwi-BAPV kodwa lunokubangela ukuba amajoyinti ephaneli avuleke ngokugqithisileyo kwisicelo se-BIPV.
I-Q4: Ngaba ii-purlins kufuneka zongezwe okanye zibekwe ngokusondeleyo ngakumbi xa kuphinda kufakwe i-BIPV kuphahla lwefektri ekhoyo?
Ulwakhiwo olukhoyo kufuneka luphinde luhlolwe ngokusekelwe kwimithwalo yoyilo lwangaphambili kunye nemeko yangoku ye-corrosion. Amava amashishini acebisa ukuba ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sophahla lwentsimbi olukhoyo ludlula uhlolo lwesakhiwo esifunekayo kwi-PV retrofits. Apho ulwakhiwo lusilelayo, ukomeleza kunokuba yimfuneko, kubandakanywa ukwandisa umthamo wamalungu, ukongeza izixhaso okanye ukutshintshwa kwee-purlins. La manyathelo anokubalelwa kwi-15% -25% yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokubuyisela.
Ukudibanisa imithwalo efileyo ye-PV kunye nokugcinwa kwemithwalo ephilayo kwinqanaba loyilo lwesakhiwo kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi iyonke malunga ne-8% -12% xa kuthelekiswa noyilo olufuna ukomelezwa okulandelayo. Oku kuqikelelwa kokugcinwa kweziphumo ezivela kwimiphumo edibeneyo yeenkcukacha zokudibanisa okwabelwana ngazo, ukulungiswa kwecandelo kunye noyilo oludibeneyo lwephahla. Ayibandakanyi umahluko kwiindleko zeemodyuli zePV ngokwazo.
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