Izinkinga eziningi zophahla lwe-photovoltaics (BIPV) oluhlanganisiwe lwesakhiwo azibangelwa izibalo zesakhiwo ezingalungile, kodwa ngokuthola ukulandelana kwesakhiwo okungalungile.
Indlela ejwayelekile ukubeka ama-purlin ngokuya ngesakhiwo sebhilidi, khetha isikhala esikahle senombolo eyindilinga—njengesikhala esingu-1.5 m noma esingu-1.2 m—bese ufaka amamojula e-PV ngaphezulu. Maphakathi nokufakwa, ithimba lingathola ukuthi iphoyinti lokusekela liwela phakathi kuka-100 mm wonqenqema lwemojuli, noma ukuthi into yokubopha ihlale endaweni ebuthaka yohlaka lwemojuli. Imidwebo kufanele ibuyekezwe, izibalo ziphindwe, futhi uhlelo lwephrojekthi lungase lubambezeleke ngamasonto amabili.
Ukulandelana okulungile kuwukuhlehla: nquma ubukhulu bemojula kuqala, thola inani lemigqa yokusekela, ubale isikhala se-purlin, bese ukhetha kuphela izigaba ze-purlin.
Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza yonke inqubo, uhlinzeka ngezigaba zereferensi zezikhala ze-purlin, osayizi bezigaba kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi, futhi ubonisa ukuthi kungani ukuchezuka kuvame ukuba yisithiyo sedizayini ebusayo ngaphambi kokuba amandla enze.
I-PV Module Ubukhulu Inquma Imigqa Yokusekela, Enquma Isikhala Se-Purlin
Amalungiselelo Amabili Okusekela Okuyisisekelo
Imojula ye-PV enesilinganiso esingu-2,278 × 1,134 mm ingasekelwa kuma-purlins ekucushweni okubili okuyisisekelo.
| Ukusekela Ukuhlelwa | Ukuma kwemojuli | Imiphetho esekelwe | I-Purlin Isikhala |
| Ukwesekwa konqenqema olude | Ukuma kwezwe | Imiphetho emibili emide | Ilingana nohlangothi olufushane lwemojuli, cishe 1.13 m |
| Ukwesekwa konqenqema olufushane | Ukuma ngobude | Imiphetho emibili emifushane | Ilingana nohlangothi olude lwemojuli, cishe 2.28 m |
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Purlin akuyona ukukhetha kokuklama okungahleliwe; isuselwa kusakhiwo semojuli. Nge-module ye-short-side dimension of 1,134 mm, isikhala esihambisanayo sicishe sibe ngu-1.13 m. Ngobude obuseceleni obungu-2,278 mm, cishe bungu-2.28 m. Awukho ulayini wokusekela omaphakathi kunoma yiliphi ilungiselelo eliyisisekelo ngaphandle uma usekelo lwesithathu lwengeziwe.
Kudingeka Nini Imigqa Yokusekela Emithathu?
Okwezikhala ezinkulu, imithwalo yomoya ephezulu noma amamojula asindayo, ukusekelwa kwamaphuzu amabili kungase kunganele. Isixazululo esisodwa siwukwengeza i-purlin ngaphansi maphakathi nemojuli, uhlukanise i-span yasekuqaleni ibe izikhala ezimbili.
Nge-purlin emaphakathi yengezwe, isikhala phakathi kwemigqa yokusekela siba cishe ngu-1.14 m noma 1.13 m, okukhiqiza ukucushwa okufana nokusekela konqenqema olude. Ukuhwebelana ukuthi kudingeka ama-purlin amaningi, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuphelele.
Imikhawulo yebanga lomngcele
Ibanga elanele kufanele ligcinwe phakathi konqenqema lwemojuli kanye ne-purlin centerline. Ama-clamp ajwayelekile anobubanzi obusebenzayo bokubambelela obucishe bube ngu-30-40 mm. Uma i-purlin centerline iseduze kakhulu nonqenqema lwemojuli, i-clamp ingase ingabambeki ngokuvikelekile. Uma ikude kakhulu, i-overhang ye-module iba ngokweqile, okwandisa ingozi yokuguqulwa emakhoneni ngaphansi kokuphakanyiswa komoya.
Umkhuba ovamile womkhakha ukubeka i-purlin centerline engu-50–100 mm ngaphakathi ukusuka onqenqemeni lwemojuli kuyilapho uqinisekisa ukuthi i-overhang ayidluli ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu yohlangothi olufushane lwemojuli.
Ukuthi Isikhala Se-Purlin Kuthinta Kanjani Ukukhethwa Kwesigaba
Lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwe-purlin kuphindwe kabili, umthwalo womugqa othwalwa i-purlin ngayinye nawo uphinda kabili, kucatshangwa ukuthi indawo efanayo. Usayizi wesigaba kufanele ukhuliswe ngokufanele.
| I-Purlin Isikhala | Isigaba Esijwayelekile | Isisindo Sethiyori | Ukusetshenziswa Kwensimbi endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi | Amanothi |
| 1.13 m | C160 × 60 × 20 × 2.5 | Cishe. 6.3 kg/m | Cishe. 5.5 kg/m² | Ama-purlin amaningi, umthwalo ophansi ngelungu ngalinye kanye nokuphatha okulula phakathi nokufakwa |
| 1.50 m | C180 × 70 × 20 × 2.5 | Cishe. 7.1 kg/m | Cishe. 4.7 kg/m² | Isixazululo sokuvumelana; ukuchezuka kufanele kubhekwe |
| 2.28 m | C220 × 70 × 20 × 3.0 | Cishe. 9.4 kg/m | Cishe. 4.1 kg/m² | Ama-purlin ambalwa, umthwalo ophezulu ngelungu ngalinye; ukuchezuka kungase kube isici esikhawulelayo |
Ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi kuphela, ukusekela konqenqema olufushane okunezikhala ezingu-2.28 m kubonakala kunokonga kakhulu cishe ku-4.1 kg/m²—ngaphezu kuka-20% ngaphansi kuka-5.5 kg/m² okuhambisana nokusekela konqenqema olude.
Nokho, lesi sibalo akufanele sicatshangelwe sodwa. Isizathu siyacaca esigabeni esilandelayo.
Ukuchezuka: Umkhawulo Ongafinyelelwa Ngaphambi Kokuba Amandla Abaluleke
Unqunywa Kanjani Umkhawulo Wokuchezuka?
Ukuze uthole ama-purlins ophahleni ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, umkhawulo wembonini ovame ukusetshenziswa L/200. Amanye amaphrojekthi anokumelana nokuphakama komoya okuqinile nezimfuneko zokuvikela amanzi angase asebenzise L/250.
Kuphrojekthi enobude obungu-7.5 m, i-L/200 ivumela ukuchezuka okungu-37.5 mm kuphela. Ngebanga elingu-9 m, umkhawulo ungama-45 mm. Lezi zibonelelo zilinganiselwe kumalungu ensimbi.
Kungani Ukuphindaphinda Kwesikhala Se-Purlin Kwenza Ukuphambuka Kube nzima Kakhulu Ukukulawula?
Ukuchezuka kuhambisana nomthwalo osatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo futhi kulinganisa ngokuphambene nendawo yesibili yelungu, kucatshangelwa ubude besikhathi esifanayo nezimo zokusekela.
Lapho isikhala se-purlin sikhuphuka sisuka ku-1.13 m siye ku-2.28 m, umugqa wokulayisha ku-purlin ngayinye ucishe uphindwe kabili, njengoba kwenza ukuchezuka ngaphansi kwezimo ezingashintshile. Ukwandisa isigaba kusuka ku-C160 kuya ku-C220 kunikeza kuphela ukunyuka okulinganiselwe kumzuzu wesibili wendawo, okungenzeka kunganxephezeli ngokugcwele umthwalo owengeziwe.
Njengomphumela, ukuhlola amandla kusese nganelisa umkhawulo ovumelekile ngenkathi ukuhlola kokuchezuka kwehluleka. Lena enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zokuklama i-roof-purlin futhi ivame ukutholakala kuphela phakathi nokubuyekezwa komdwebo.
Kungani Izidingo Zokuphambuka Ziqine Kakhudlwana Ophahleni lwe-BIPV?
Kuhlelo lwe-photovoltaics (BAPV) olusetshenziswa esakhiweni, amamojula e-PV afakwe esakhiweni sokusekela esisuke sinamathiselwe ophahleni lwensimbi. Ukuchezuka ngokweqile kungase kufake engozini izigxivizo phakathi kwesakhiwo sokusekela namaphaneli ophahleni, okudala inkinga yokunakekela engase ixazululwe ngezinye izikhathi ngokuvala kabusha noma ukushintsha ama-gaskets.
Kuhlelo lwe-BIPV, amamojula e-PV ngokwawo enza ingxenye yemvilophu yophahla. Uma i-purlin ichezuka ngo-5 mm, ijoyinti yephaneli ingase ivuleke ngo-5 mm. Ukuqhubeka kokuvimbela amanzi kuncike ekuqineni kwesakhiwo kanye nemininingwane yokuvala.
Yingakho uphahla lwe-BIPV luvame ukudinga ukulawula ukuchezuka okuqinile kunophahla lwensimbi oluvamile, futhi kungani izinhlelo zokusekela zonqenqema olufushane zinganqatshwa kumaphrojekthi anezikhala ezinkulu zamakholomu.
Izithiyo Ezintathu Ezengeziwe Ezingashintsha Isikhala Se-Purlin
Isikhala Sekholomu
Ubude be-purlin bunqunywa isikhala phakathi kwamakholomu ozimele oyinhloko. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamakholomu okungu-6 m, 7.5 m kanye no-9 m yizinketho ezivamile zezakhiwo zezimboni.
Njengoba ukuhlukana kwamakholomu kukhula, ubude be-purlin buba bude, ngokuvamile budinga izigaba ezijulile nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi. Ngakho-ke, isikhala se-Purlin kufanele sikhethwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesakhiwo sekholomu esimisiwe esikhundleni sokuzimela.
PV Module Amalunga
Izikhundla ze-Purlin kufanele zihambisane namalunga phakathi kwamamojula e-PV. Uma i-purlin iwela ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwamaphakathi nemojuli, izixhumi zingase zihlale endaweni engasekelwe ye-backsheet yemojuli, kushiye ukuxhumana kuncike ekubambeni futhi okungenzeka kunciphise ukuqina kwamalunga.
Phakathi nokuhlelwa kwephaneli, phawula imigqa ehlangene yemojuli kuqala bese usungula imigqa emaphakathi ye-purlin. Lokhu kulandelana akufanele kuhlehliswe.
I-Thermal Movement
Uma amazinga okushisa ophahleni efinyelela ku-70°C, ama-purlin ensimbi namamojula we-aluminium ayanda ngamanani ahlukene ngenxa yokuthi ama-coefficients awo okunweba okushisayo ayahluka. Ngakho-ke ukunwetshwa kwabo kwe-longitudinal akufani. Indlela evamile yobunjiniyela iwukuhlanganisa imininingwane eslayidayo eduze kwesikhombisi-ndlela se-longitudinal, okuvumela ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe okulinganiselwe phakathi kwamamojula nama-purlins.
Isikhala se-purlin esiqine kakhulu singakhawulela lokhu kunyakaza futhi kwandise izingcindezi zokuzibamba kumafreyimu wemojuli. Ngakho-ke, isikhala esiseduze se-purlin akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo idizayini ephephile.
Isibonelo Esiphelele Sokukhetha I-Purlin
Izimo ezicatshangelwayo: isikhala sekholomu esingu-7.5 m, uphahla oluhlanganisiwe lwe-BIPV, amamojula e-PV anesilinganiso esingu-2,278 × 1,134 mm, kanye nephrojekthi etholakala endaweni yokucindezela komoya emaphakathi.
Isinyathelo 1: Khetha uhlelo lokusekela. Isikhala sekholomu esingu-7.5 m sikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngokusekelwa konqenqema olufushane kanye nesikhala se-purlin esingu-2.28 m, ukuchezuka kungase kube nzima ukulawula ngaphansi komkhawulo we-L/200. Ngakho-ke ukusekelwa konqenqema olude ku-orientation ye-landscape kuyakhethwa, ngesikhala se-purlin esingu-1.13 m.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Khetha ingxenye ye-purlin. Usebenzisa umthwalo ofile ongu-20 kg/m², ukugcinwa komthwalo obukhoma ongu-0.5 kN/m² kanye nezinhlanganisela ezifanele zasendaweni zokulayisha umoya, bala umugqa bese ukhetha isigaba se-C160 × 60 × 20 × 2.5. Uma ingcindezi yomoya iphakeme, thuthukela ku-C180 × 70 × 20 × 2.5.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Qinisekisa ukuchezuka. Ngebanga elingu-7.5 m, umkhawulo we-L/200 ngu-37.5 mm. Hlola ukuchezuka ngaphansi kwezinhlanganisela zomthwalo osebenzayo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi kuhlala ngaphakathi komkhawulo ovunyelwe.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Qondanisa amalunga emojuli. Hlela amamojula usebenzisa imojuli yesakhiwo esingu-1,134 mm. Qondanisa imigqa emaphakathi ye-purlin nemigqa ehlangene yemojuli, ngokubekezelela kokuma okuqondiwe okungu-±5 mm.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Qedela imidwebo yesakhiwo. Bonisa ngokucacile isikhala se-purlin, ukucaciswa kwesigaba, izindawo zokubopha, iziphetho ezislayidi neziphetho ezigxilile.
Ukulandela lokhu kulandelana kusiza ukunciphisa amathuba okubuyekezwa kwesakhiwo phakathi nokubuyekezwa komdwebo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q1: Isiphi isikhala esijwayelekile phakathi kwama-roof purlins?
Ibanga elijwayelekile lemboni liyi-1.0-1.5 m. Isikhala sangempela sincike kubukhulu bemojuli, izinhlelo zokusekela nezinhlanganisela zomthwalo. Kumojula enohlangothi olufushane oluyi-1,134 mm, ukusekela konqenqema olude kuhambisana nesikhala esicishe sibe ngu-1.13 m. Ukusekela konqenqema olufushane okusekelwe kubukhulu bohlangothi olude obungu-2,278 mm buhambisana cishe no-2.28 m, obudlula ububanzi obuvamile futhi budinga ukuhlolwa kokuchezuka okuhlukile.
Q2: Ingabe isikhala esincane se-purlin sihlale senza uphahla luphephe?
Cha. Isikhala esincane sisho ama-purlin amaningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuphezulu. Kungase futhi kukhawulele ukunyakaza kokuslayida okudingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokunwetshwa kokushisa, okwandisa izingcindezi zokuzibamba kumafreyimu amamojula. Indlela efanele iwukwanelisa ukuchezuka, amandla kanye nezidingo zokunyakaza kwe-thermal kanyekanye.
I-Q3: Ingabe uphahla lwe-BIPV lungasebenzisa isakhiwo esifanayo se-purlin njengophahla lwensimbi evamile?
Lokhu akunconywa ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa komklamo othile. Imikhawulo yokuchezuka yophahla lwensimbi oluvamile ngokuyinhloko ibhekana nokukhipha amanzi nokubukeka, kuyilapho uphahla lwe-BIPV kufanele futhi lugcine ukuqhubeka phakathi kwamamojula e-PV nesistimu yokuvimbela amanzi. Ilungiselelo elifanayo le-purlin lingase lanele ku-BAPV kodwa lingabangela amalunga ephaneli ukuthi avuleke ngokweqile kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-BIPV.
Q4: Ingabe ama-purlin kufanele engezwe noma ahlukaniswe eduze kakhulu lapho kufakwa kabusha i-BIPV ophahleni lwefekthri olukhona?
Isakhiwo esikhona kufanele siphinde sihlolwe ngokusekelwe emithwalweni yomklamo wokuqala kanye nesimo saso samanje sokugqwala. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwemboni kusikisela ukuthi ngaphansi kwesigamu sophahla lwensimbi olukhona ludlula ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo esidingekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe i-PV. Lapho isakhiwo sihluleka, kungase kudingeke ukuqinisa, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kwamalungu, ukwengeza izisekelo noma ukubuyisela ama-purlin. Lezi zinyathelo zingabalelwa ku-15%–25% wesabelomali sokubuyisela.
Ukuhlanganisa imithwalo efile ye-PV nokunakekelwa kwemithwalo ebukhoma esigabeni sokuklama kwesakhiwo kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi cishe ngo-8%–12% uma kuqhathaniswa nomklamo odinga ukuqiniswa okulandelayo. Lokhu kusindisa okulinganiselwe kuphumela emiphumeleni ehlanganisiwe yemininingwane yokuxhumana okwabelwana ngayo, ukulungiselelwa kwesigaba nomklamo wophahla oludidiyelwe. Ayifaki umehluko ezindlekweni zamamojula we-PV ngokwawo.
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