Haka tsarin rufin BIPV na iya kasawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban guda uku idan an shigar da su a wurare daban-daban guda uku.
A wuraren bakin teku, lalata shine babban haɗari. A cikin hamada, yawan zafin jiki da ƙura suna yin illa. A cikin tuddai masu tsayi, zafin UV radiation da nauyin dusar ƙanƙara ya zama babban damuwa. Waɗannan mahalli suna sanya daban-da kuma wasu lokuta masu sabani-buƙatu akan tsari, ambulan gini, da samfuran PV.
Yawancin ayyuka har yanzu suna amfani da ƙirar rufin al'ada iri ɗaya ba tare da la'akari da wurin ba. Wannan hanyar na iya yin aiki da kyau a cikin yanayi mai sauƙi na cikin ƙasa, amma a cikin yanayi mai tsauri yana iya barin lahani da yawa ba a magance su ba. Wannan labarin yana nazarin mahimman matsalolin muhalli, hanyoyin gazawa, da mafi ƙarancin ƙira ga kowane saiti.
Dalilin da yasa Muhalli masu tsanani ke zama Gwajin Damuwa na gaske don BIPV
Muhalli uku, Hanyoyi na gazawa guda uku
Babban bambanci tsakanin BIPV da rufin al'ada shine cewa samfuran PV da kansu sun zama wani ɓangare na ambulan ginin. Wannan yana nufin dole ne su yi ayyuka guda uku a lokaci guda: samar da wutar lantarki, hana ruwa, da ɗaukar kaya. Rashin gazawa a kowane ɗayan waɗannan fagage na iya yin sulhu da sauran biyun.
Lalacewa ta farko tana kai hari ga masu ɗaure da faranti na haɗin gwiwa, tare da firam ɗin module da akwatunan mahaɗa. Babban yanayin zafi yana rage ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki yayin da yake haɓaka tsufa na kayan rufewa. UV radiation yana lalata bayanan baya da kuma rufewa da farko, mai yuwuwar haifar da gazawar rufi akan lokaci.
Tsarin gama gari a duk hanyoyin gazawar guda uku shine gazawar da ke faruwa ba zato ba tsammani. Maimakon haka, lalacewa yana taruwa a hankali a cikin shekaru biyar na farko, tare da matsalolin da ke bayyana tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa takwas.
Me yasa Ayyukan Rufaffiyar Al'ada ba su isa ba
Manufofin farko na ƙirar rufin al'ada sune hana ruwa da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na tsari. Ana ƙididdige kariyar lalata da tsufa na abu bisa la'akari da "yanayin masana'antu na gaba ɗaya."
Wuraren ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi suna buƙatar wata hanya dabam. Ɗauki yankunan bakin teku a matsayin misali: don nau'in karfe ɗaya, C3 ko C4 kariya ta lalata na iya isa ga aikin cikin ƙasa, yayin da aikin da ke tsakanin mita 500 na bakin teku zai iya buƙatar kariya ta C5-M, dangane da ainihin yanayin bayyanar da ma'auni. Kauri mai rufi da ake buƙata zai iya bambanta ta fiye da ninki biyu, yana haifar da gagarumin bambanci na farashi.
| Muhalli | Abubuwan Damuwa na Farko | Hanyoyi na kasawa na yau da kullun | Mabuɗin Zane-zane |
| bakin teku | Salt fesa, chloride ions, high zafi | Fastener lalata, haɗin farantin lalata, farar lalata tabo akan firam ɗin module | Lalata kariya category, shafi kauri, kadaici daban-daban karafa |
| Hamada | Yanayin zafi mai zafi, yashi da ƙura, iska mai ƙarfi, manyan canjin yanayin zafi | Lalacewar fitar da wutar lantarki, tara ƙura akan gilashi, lalacewar haɓakar iska | Matsakaicin yanayin zafi, juriya mai jurewa iska, samun damar tsaftacewa |
| Matsayi mai tsayi | UV radiation mai tsanani, ƙananan zafin jiki, nauyin dusar ƙanƙara, manyan sauyin zafin rana-dare | Fashewar takardar baya, launin rawaya mai ƙyalli, lalacewar dusar ƙanƙara | Juriyar yanayi na kayan abu, lissafin dusar ƙanƙara, hanyoyin magudanar ruwa |
Ayyukan bakin teku: Lalata Shine Babban fifiko
Menene Ma'anar ISO 12944 C5-M?
Dangane da rarrabuwar yanayin yanayin yanayi a cikin ISO 12944-2, wuraren bakin teku da ke tsakanin mita 500 na raƙuman ruwa na iya faɗuwa cikin nau'in C5-M, yana nuna lalata sosai, dangane da ainihin yanayin muhalli.
Wannan ba batu ne kawai na amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan kariya ba. A cikin mahallin C5-M, yawan lalata carbon karfe na shekara-shekara na iya zama sau biyar zuwa goma sama da yanayin C3. Abubuwan da aka gyara karafa ba tare da isasshen kariya ba na iya haifar da tsatsa da hasarar rabe-rabe tsakanin shekaru uku zuwa biyar.
Mafi qarancin buƙatun don Zaɓin Rufe da Fastener
A cikin mahallin C5-M, galvanizing mai zafi-tsoma yana buƙatar kauri mai girma:
| Rukunin lalata | Muhalli na yau da kullun | Bukatun Rufin Karfe | Tsarin Kariya Na Shawarar |
| C3 | Biranen cikin ƙasa; janar masana'antu muhallin | 55-70 mm | Hot- tsoma galvanizing, ko primer + topcoat |
| C4 | Wuraren masana'antu, wuraren da ba su da kyau a bakin teku | 70-85 m | Hot-tsoma galvanizing + epoxy matsakaici gashi + polyurethane topcoat |
| C5-M | Tsakanin 500 m na bakin teku, muhallin bakin teku | 85-100 μm (don abubuwan da suka fi kauri fiye da 6 mm); ≥120 μm don abubuwan injiniyan ruwa | Hot-tsoma galvanizing + duplex shafi tsarin, tare da jimlar bushe fim kauri na ≥300 μm |
Fasteners wani daki-daki ne wanda galibi ana yin watsi da su. A cikin mahallin C5-M, ƙwanƙolin tukwane na zinc na yau da kullun na iya haɓaka tabo a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku. 316 bakin karfe fasteners sun cancanci a yi la'akari, ko za a iya shigar da masu wanki a wuraren tuntuɓar ƙarfe-karfe don taimakawa hana lalata galvanic.
PV modules kuma suna da takamaiman buƙatu. Rashin isassun anodizing na firam ɗin aluminium ko rashin isassun hatimin-akwatin na iya haifar da ma'ajin lalata ko shigar ruwa cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku.
Ayyukan Hamada: Kalubale Biyu na Babban Zazzabi da Kura
Zazzabi na Module da Asarar Ƙarfi
A cikin mahallin hamada, PV module yanayin yanayin aiki zai iya kaiwa 65-70 ° C. Modulolin siliki na kristal suna da ƙarancin wutar lantarki mara kyau, yawanci jere daga -0.25% zuwa -0.35%/°C don samfuran al'ada.
Yin amfani da ma'aunin zafin jiki na -0.3%/°C, ƙarfin ƙarfin dangi yana raguwa da kusan 12% yayin da yanayin zafin na'urar ke tashi daga yanayin gwaji na 25°C (STC) zuwa 65°C. A 70 ° C, raguwa yana kusan 14%.
| Yanayin zafin jiki | Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (a -0.3%/°C) | Bayani |
| 25°C | 100% | Daidaitaccen Yanayin Gwajin (STC) |
| 45°C | 94% | Yanayin rani na rana a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi |
| 55°C | 91% | Yanayin rani na al'ada a tsakiyar Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya |
| 65°C | 88% | Tsananin rashin hasken rana a cikin hamada |
| 70°C | 86.5% | Matsanancin yanayin aiki |
Lokacin zabar samfura, nau'ikan N-type TOPCon da fasahar HJT gabaɗaya suna ba da ƙimar ƙarancin zafin jiki fiye da na'urorin PERC na al'ada, mai yuwuwar samar da fa'ida a ainihin samar da makamashi a ƙarƙashin yanayin hamada.
Ƙasa, Guguwar Yashi, da Ƙarfafa iska
Kalubale na biyu a muhallin hamada shine tara ƙura. Lokacin da yawan ƙurar ƙasa ya kai 20 g/m², ingancin samfurin zai iya raguwa da 15-35%. Hasara ta shekara-shekara a Gabas ta Tsakiya na iya zuwa daga 12% zuwa 25%, yayin da yankunan da ke gefen sahara na iya samun asarar 15-30%.
Wannan yana nufin tsaftacewa ba na zaɓi ba ne; Kuɗaɗen aiki ne maimaituwa. Tsaftace hanyoyin shiga, hanyoyin kulawa, wuraren samar da ruwa, ko tsarin bushe-bushe ya kamata a haɗa su cikin ƙira daga farko.
Tadawar iska shine kalubale na uku. Matsalolin iska mai wucewa da ke hade da guguwar yashi na iya zama mai tsanani fiye da wadanda ake fuskanta a karkashin yanayin iska. Matsakaicin tazara mai sauri, cikakkun bayanan kabu, da juriya mai ɗaga iska na maƙallan ma'auni dole ne a sake ƙididdige su bisa la'akari da nauyin iska na gida.
Ayyukan Maɗaukaki: UV Radiation, Ƙananan Zazzabi, da Dusar ƙanƙara
Ƙarfin UV da tsufa na Material
Ga kowane karuwar mita 1,000 a tsayi, tacewar iska na UV radiation yana raguwa, yana haifar da haɓakar kusan 10-12% a cikin rashin iska na UV.
Babban tasiri akan samfuran PV suna shafar kayan da ba na siliki ba, gami da bayanan baya, fina-finai masu ɗaukar hoto, robobin junction-box, da kebul na kebul.
Don ayyuka masu tsayi, ana ba da shawarar takaddun bayanan baya tare da ƙimar juriya mafi girma. POE ko TPO encapsulants za a iya fifita fiye da na al'ada Eva, dangane da ƙirar ƙirar da bukatun muhalli. Ƙarƙashin bayyanar UV mai tsanani, EVA na iya zama mafi sauƙi ga launin rawaya da samuwar acid.
Ƙananan Zazzabi Yana da Fa'ida; Load ɗin Dusar ƙanƙara Haɗari ne
Ƙananan zafin jiki na iya amfanar samar da wutar lantarki. Saboda samfuran PV suna da ƙarancin zafin jiki mara kyau, ƙananan yanayin zafi na aiki na iya haifar da fitarwar wuta sama da matakin ƙididdiga. A cikin ranakun rana a wurare masu tsayi, fitowar module na iya wuce ƙarfin ƙididdigewa da fiye da 10%.
Babban haɗari shine hawan dusar ƙanƙara. Yawancin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin yankuna masu tsayi galibi ana yin watsi da su, musamman a wuraren tarawa kusa da faranti, magudanan ruwa, da canje-canjen hawan rufin. Kayan dusar ƙanƙara da aka keɓe na iya kaiwa sau biyu matsakaicin ƙimar.
Dole ne a sake ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdigar ƙira-ɗorawa ƙanƙara ambulan ginin da tsarin tallafi ta hanyar amfani da bayanan yanayi na gida maimakon ɗaukar daidaitattun dabi'u daga ayyukan ƙananan tsayi.
Ka'idojin Zane Maɓalli Uku
Ƙayyade Kariyar Lalacewa Dangane da Mafi Mummunar Bayyanawa
Idan an fallasa aikin ga yanayin bakin teku da gurɓatar masana'antu, ƙirar yakamata ta bi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin kariyar lalata. Kada ku yi sulhu ta hanyar maƙasudin matakan bayyanawa biyu.
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin farashi da haɗari a bayyane take: haɓaka nau'in kariyar lalata gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi ƙarin farashi mai iya sarrafawa, yayin da sake yin aiki da raguwar samarwa da lalacewa ta lalata zai iya haifar da asara sau da yawa mafi girma.
Daidaita Rayuwar Sabis na Ambulan Ginin zuwa Na Modulolin PV
Tsarin rufin BIPV galibi an tsara shi don rayuwar sabis na kusan shekaru 25, kuma garantin ƙirar PV yawanci yana ƙara zuwa shekaru 25.
Idan ambulan ginin yana da ainihin rayuwar sabis na shekaru 15 kawai, ana iya buƙatar cire kayan aikin PV don a iya maye gurbin rufin a cikin shekara ta 16, yana lalata tsarin tattalin arzikin gabaɗaya na aikin.
Zaɓin tsarin rufin ya kamata don haka ya dace da rayuwar sabis ɗin da ake tsammani na samfuran PV, maimakon zaɓar zaɓi mafi arha mai iya aiki.
Kar a Aiwatar da Cikakkun Al'ada Ba tare da daidaitawa ba
Wurare guda uku suna fuskantar matsaloli musamman:
- Tuntuɓi tsakanin nau'ikan ƙarfe iri ɗaya:Tuntuɓar kai tsaye tsakanin firam ɗin ƙirar aluminium da galvanized karfe purlins na iya haifar da lalata galvanic a cikin mahalli mai ɗanɗano. Yi amfani da pads masu rufewa ko zaɓi kayan da suka dace don rage wannan haɗarin.
- Gaps da magudanun ruwa: Kura da gishiri na iya taruwa a cikin giɓi, haifar da wuraren farawa gama gari don lalata. Dole ne a tsara hanyoyin magudanar ruwa don hana ruwa taruwa.
- Fasteners da hatimi:Masu wankin rufewa akan skru masu ɗaukar kai na iya lalacewa cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin fallasa UV da yanayin zafi mai yawa, yana mai da su tushen koke-koken zubar rufin akai-akai.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Q1: Har yaushe tsarin rufin BIPV zai iya dawwama a cikin yanayin C5-M?
Tsarin kariya na C5-M wanda aka tsara daidai da ma'auni masu dacewa (mai zafi-tsoma galvanizing + rufin duplex, tare da jimlar busassun kauri na ≥300 μm) na iya cimma dorewar ƙira na shekaru 15-25 (madaidaicin tsayin daka na "Mafi Girma" wanda aka ayyana a cikin ISO 12944-5). Rayuwar sabis na gaske ya dogara da kulawa. Ana ba da shawarar dubawar sutura kowane shekaru 3-5.
Q2: Shin samfuran PV don ayyukan hamada suna buƙatar samfuri na musamman?
Ba lallai ba ne, amma ma'aunin zaɓi ya bambanta. Ba da fifikon samfura tare da ƙananan ma'aunin zafin jiki (Nau'in N-TOPCon / HJT), gilashin kauri don ingantacciyar juriya ga yashi mai iska, encapsulants masu dacewa da matsananciyar muhalli maimakon EVA na al'ada, da sadaukar da hanyoyin samun damar tsaftacewa.
Q3: Shin ƙananan yanayin zafi zai iya haifar da nau'ikan PV don fashe a manyan wurare?
Gabaɗaya, a'a. PV module gilashin iya zahiri samun mafi girma inji ƙarfi a low yanayin zafi. Haɗarin gaske shine nauyin dusar ƙanƙara da sake daskarewa bayan dusar ƙanƙara, wanda zai iya haifar da toshewar kankara a wuraren magudanar ruwa.
Q4: Nawa ne ƙarin ayyuka a cikin mahalli masu wahala fiye da ayyukan al'ada?
Haɓaka kariyar lalata daga C3 zuwa C5-M na iya haɓaka farashin aikin ƙarfe da kusan 8% -15%, dangane da yankin farfajiya da tsarin sutura. Ciki har da na'urori masu haɓakawa da bambance-bambance a cikin zaɓin ƙirar, gabaɗayan farashin aikin yawanci yana ƙaruwa da kusan 10% -20%. Waɗannan alkalumman alamu ne kuma ya kamata a tabbatar dasu daidai da ainihin yanayin aikin da zance.
Q5: Za mu iya farawa tare da zane na al'ada kuma muyi canje-canje idan matsaloli sun taso?
Ba a ba da shawarar wannan ba. A cikin tsarin BIPV, nau'ikan PV sun zama wani ɓangare na ambulan ginin, kuma maye gurbinsu zai iya kusan tsada kamar sake gina rufin. Lalacewa da tsufa na abu suna haɓaka a hankali kuma suna iya zama marasa ganuwa a cikin shekaru biyar na farko. A lokacin da matsalolin suka bayyana, mutuncin tsarin da hana ruwa zai iya shafar su.
Kuna buƙatar maganin rufin da ya dace da yanayin muhalli na aikin ku? Imel: info@xzbesta.com
