Pama projekiti opanda gridi, funso loyamba limakhala lofanana nthawi zonse: Kodi malo anga opangira magetsi oyendera dzuwa amafunikira mphamvu zingati?
Palibe yankho lofanana ndi limodzi. Mphamvu yofunikira iyenera kuwerengedwa, osati kungosankhidwa. Lingaliro limodzi lolakwika lingapangitse kukonzanso kokwera mtengo: dongosolo locheperako lingalephere kuthandizira katunduyo, pomwe dongosolo lokulirapo limamangiriza ndalama zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Bukuli limaphwanya njira ya kukula, limapereka tebulo lachidziwitso lofulumira la zochitika zodziwika bwino, ndikufotokozera chifukwa chake ma modules a PV, inverters ndi kusungirako mphamvu ziyenera kuwerengedwa mosiyana.
Yambani powerengera Mfundo Zazikulu Zitatu
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamagetsi (kWh/tsiku)
Apa ndiye poyambira mawerengedwe onse. Chofunikira ndi magetsi enieni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maola 24 - osati kuchuluka kwa zida zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kuchuluka kwa zida zomwe zachulukitsidwa ndi mphamvu zawo zovoteledwa.
Pali njira zitatu zoyezera kugwiritsa ntchito patsamba:
- Yang'anani zowerengera zakale zama mita. Iyi ndiyo njira yolondola kwambiri yamapulojekiti omwe ali ndi ma gridi omwe alipo kale kapena jenereta ya dizilo.
- Werezerani kuchokera pamndandanda wa zida.Yerekezerani kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa chipangizo chilichonse pochulukitsa mphamvu zake zovoteledwa ndi maola ake ogwiritsira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mapulojekiti ofananirako ngati chitsimikiziro.
Njira yachitatu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampu omanga omwe angokhazikitsidwa kumene kapena malo amigodi. Kuyerekeza kwamakampani ndi: kampu yomanga ya anthu 30: 60–120 kWh/tsiku; Msasa womanga wa anthu 100: 250–400 kWh/tsiku.
Peak Power ndi Demand Factor
Mphamvu yapamwamba imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa inverter yofunikira, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu tsiku lililonse kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa PV komwe kumafunikira. Izi ndi magawo awiri osiyana.
Zida zapamalo sizigwira ntchito modzaza nthawi imodzi. Chofunikira cha 0.6–0.8 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyerekezera ndi mainjiniya. Kungoganiza kuti kufunikira kwa 1.0 kungapangitse inverter yokulirapo, kusiya mphamvu yochulukirapo yosagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yonse ya polojekiti.
Chofunikira chimodzi chofunikira ndi zida zokhala ndi ma mota amphamvu kwambiri, monga mapampu amadzi, ma crushers ndi zida zonyamulira. Chiyambi chawo chiyenera kuwerengedwa mosiyana. Kuyambika kwanthawi yomweyo kwa injini yolumikizira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito molunjika pa intaneti imatha kufika nthawi 5-7 pomwe idavotera. Ngati vutoli siliyankhidwa, ngakhale inverter yokhala ndi kukula kokwanira ikhoza kulepheretsa chitetezo chake.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zausiku Monga Chigawo Chogwiritsa Ntchito Tsiku ndi Tsiku
Chiwerengerochi chimatsimikizira kasinthidwe kosungirako mphamvu. Kwa makampu omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda anthu masana koma amadya magetsi akuluakulu usiku, kugwiritsa ntchito usiku nthawi zambiri kumatha kupitirira 50% ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Kwa malo opopera omwe amagwira ntchito makamaka masana, gawo lausiku likhoza kukhala pansi pa 20%.
Kutsika kwa gawo lausiku, kusungirako kwambiri kumakhala ngati ntchito yowonjezera. Gawo lapamwamba kwambiri, kusungirako mphamvu kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri ku dongosolo lonse.
Quick Power Reference for Common Operating Scenarios
Gome lotsatirali likufotokozera mwachidule za zochitika zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Ziwerengerozi zimachokera ku zochitika zamakampani; zofunikira zenizeni za polojekiti ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa motsutsana ndi mndandanda wa katundu.
| Opaleshoni Scenario | Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamagetsi (kWh) | Peak Power (kW) | Kugwiritsa Ntchito Usiku | Mphamvu ya PV yovomerezeka | Kusungirako Mphamvu Kovomerezeka |
| Kampu yomanga ya anthu 30 | 60-120 | 15–25 | 50-60% | 20 kW mndandanda | 40kw pa |
| Kampu yomanga anthu 100 | 250-400 | 50-70 | 50-60% | 56-75 kW mndandanda | 121 kw |
| Pampu ziwiri za 22 kW drainage (imodzi ikugwira ntchito, imodzi yoyimirira) | 200-300 | 40-50 | Pansi pa 20% | 56 kW mndandanda | Zosankha, ngati pakufunika |
| 12 × 400 W magetsi pamalo (maola 10 usiku) | 50 | 5 | 100% | 20 kW mndandanda | 40kw pa |
| Telecommunication base station (ntchito 24/7) | 60-90 | 3–5 | 100% | 20 kW mndandanda | 40kw pa |
| Makina owotcherera, zida zodulira ndi zida zazing'ono zamagetsi | 80-150 | 20–40 | Pafupifupi 30% | 56 kW mndandanda | Zosankha, ngati pakufunika |
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito tebuloli, choyamba zindikirani momwe amagwirira ntchito ndikuwunikanso kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu tsiku lililonse. Ngati mphamvu yapamwamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku kumatengera kukula kwa makina osiyanasiyana, gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu yapamwamba ngati poyambira, ndikutsimikizirani ngati mphamvu ya PV ikukwanira.
Chifukwa chiyani ma PV Module, Ma Inverters ndi Kusungirako Mphamvu Ayenera Kukula Mosiyana
Kuchuluka kwa DC/AC: Mphamvu ya PV Imakhala Yapamwamba Kuposa Kutulutsa Kovoteledwa
Kutulutsa kwa module ya PV kumavoteledwa pamiyeso yoyeserera: gawo la kutentha kwa 25°C, kuwala kwa 1,000 W/m² ndi mphamvu ya mpweya yokwana AM1.5. Pamene kutentha kwa module backsheet kufika 65 ° C pamalopo, ma crystalline silicon modules omwe ali ndi kutentha kwa -0.3% / ° C akhoza kuchepetsa kutulutsa pafupifupi 12% -14%.
Ngati mphamvu ya PV ndi ma inverter ovotera akufanana ndi chiŵerengero cha 1: 1, makinawo sangafikire kutulutsa kwa inverter panthawi yotentha kwambiri masana, ndikusiya mphamvu ya inverter yosagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mchitidwe wamba wamakampani ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa PV komwe kumayikidwa pa 1.1-1.3 nthawi yomwe inverter idavotera. Chiŵerengerochi chimadziwika kuti chiŵerengero cha DC/AC. Sichiwerengero chokwezeka; zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ya solar yomwe ilipo.
Momwe Mungawerengere Mphamvu Yosungirako Mphamvu
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zosungirako mphamvu kumadalira kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi usiku komanso kuya kololedwa (DoD).
| Kugwiritsa Ntchito Usiku Monga Gawo Logwiritsa Ntchito Tsiku ndi Tsiku | Kusungirako Kofunikira kwa 100 kWh / tsiku la Kugwiritsa Ntchito | Kufotokozera |
| 20% | Pafupifupi. 22-25 kW | Imaphimba kuyatsa kwamadzulo ndi kulumikizana kokha, kutengera kuya kwa 90%. |
| 40% | Pafupifupi. 45-50 kWh | Imaphimba katundu wothandiza wopangira madzulo |
| 60% | Pafupifupi. 67-75 kW | Kwa zochitika zogwirira ntchito usana ndi usiku, zokhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera zomwe zimasungidwa kwa mitambo kapena mvula |
| 100% (ma telecommunication base station) | Pafupifupi. 110-120 kWh | Pamafunika kulingalira kwa mapangidwe 2-3 motsatizana mitambo kapena mvula masiku |
Kuwerengera kungafotokozedwe motere:
Mphamvu yosungira mphamvu = Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku × Kugwiritsa ntchito usiku kugawana ÷ Kuzama kwa kutulutsa × Kusungidwa kwamtambo wamtambo (1.0–1.3)
The redundancy factor ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa motsutsana ndi deta yam'deralo ya meteorological pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la JRC PVGIS off-grid system.
Pamabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP), mtengo wofananira wakuya-kwa-kutulutsa kwamadzi ndi 90%. Osawerengera pamalingaliro a 100% DoD, chifukwa izi zitha kusokoneza moyo wozungulira.
Moyo Wozungulira ndi Ndondomeko Yosinthira
Mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate amatha kukwaniritsa 5,000-8,000 kuzungulira pa 80% kuya kwa kutulutsa. Kungotengera kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kamodzi patsiku, izi zikufanana ndi zaka 13-21. Izi ndi zazifupi kuposa moyo wautumiki wazaka 25 womwe umatchulidwira ma module a PV. Kusungirako mphamvu kungafunike kusinthidwa panthawi ya moyo wa dongosolo ndipo sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa powerengera ndalama.
Kufananiza Pulojekiti Yanu ndi Imodzi mwa Zida Zisanu ndi chimodzi
Malo opangira magetsi oyendera dzuwa a ZM-Besta akupezeka m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi amagetsi, okhala ndi 20 kW mpaka 200 kW, okhala ndi mitundu 24 yonse. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zalembedwa pansipa.
| Mndandanda | Anakhazikitsa PV Capacity | Mtundu wa PV Module | Mphamvu pa Module | Deployed Footprint | Kulemera Kwazinthu (Kupatula Kusungirako Mphamvu) | Standard Energy Storage |
| 20 kw | 15-20 kW | N-mtundu TOPCon | 690-720 W | 33-39 m × 4 m | 3.8–4.3 t | 40kw pa |
| 56kw pa | 40-56 kW | N-mtundu TOPCon | 440-460 W | 63-85 m × 6 m | 12.5-15 t | 121 kw |
| 75kw pa | 56-77 kW | N-mtundu TOPCon | 440-460 W | 63-85 m × 6 m | 12-15 t | Zosankha, ngati pakufunika |
| 150 kW | 109-152 kW | N-mtundu TOPCon | 510-530 W | 70-96 m × 12 m | 33-36 t | 261 kw |
| 175 kW | 133-175 kW | N-mtundu TOPCon | 510-530 W | 70-96 m × 12 m | 31-34.5 t | Zosankha, ngati pakufunika |
| 200 kW | 148-204 kW | N-mtundu TOPCon | 580-600 W | 85-110 m × 12 m | 31–34 t | Zosankha, ngati pakufunika |
Zodziwika bwino pazogulitsa zonse:
- Kuyika angle: 25 °
- Chimango chinaphatikizapo mbali: 130 °
- Kuviika kwamalata otentha pa chimango: ≥55 μm
- Kupaka kwa Zinc-aluminium-magnesium panjanji zowongolera: ≥275 g/m²
- Nthawi yotumizira: ≤30 mphindi
- Kulimbana ndi mphepo pambuyo potumizidwa: Gulu 9
- Kukana kupopera mchere: ≤C5
- Kutentha kwa ntchito: -20°C mpaka +50°C
- Chitetezo pamasinthidwe osungidwa: IP55
- Kutulutsa kwa Hybrid inverter: 380 V / 400 V, magawo atatu, mawaya anayi
- pafupipafupi: 50/60 Hz
Zolakwa Zinayi Zofanana Kukula Zoyenera Kupewa
Ingowonjezerani Zida Zamtundu wa Nameplate
Kuonjezera mphamvu zovotera za chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili pamndandanda wa zida nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti 30% -50% ikhale yokwera kwambiri. Zida sizimagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, ndipo kusiyanako kungatanthauze mwachindunji ndalama zosafunika za dongosolo.
Kunyalanyaza Zowonongeka Zokhudzana ndi Kutentha
M'madera am'chipululu omwe ali ndi kutentha kwa 45 ° C, kutentha kwa PV module backsheet kumatha kupitirira 70 ° C, kuchepetsa kutulutsa pafupifupi 15%. Kukula kachitidwe kotengera muyezo wa 25 ° C kumatha kubweretsa kutsika kwenikweni kuposa komwe kumayembekezeredwa.
Sizing Energy Storage for Peak Load
Kusungirako mphamvu kumatengera gawo lalikulu la mtengo wonse wadongosolo. Kusungirako makulidwe molingana ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kumatanthauza kulipira mphamvu yosungira tsiku lonse kuti ifike pachimake chomwe chingachitike kwa maola awiri okha. Njira yolondola ndikusungira kukula kutengera mphamvu yausiku.
Kuyang'ana Zofunikira Zoyendetsa ndi Kukweza
Zipangizo zokhala ndi mtunda wa 110 m × 12 m ndi kulemera kwa 34 t zimafunikira kuyang'ana pasadakhale misewu yolowera malo, matembenuzidwe ozungulira komanso kukweza kwa crane. Misewu yosakhalitsa pamalo amigodi nthawi zambiri imapangidwira magalimoto opepuka. Ngati njira zamagalimoto olemera komanso zofunikira zotsitsa zimanyalanyazidwa, zida zitha kufika pamalowo koma sizingatheke kutsitsa.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Q1: Kodi siteshoni ya solar ya 20 kW imatha kupanga magetsi ochuluka bwanji patsiku?
M'badwo umadalira mikhalidwe ya dzuwa. Kutengera maola 4.5 apamwamba kwambiri adzuwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa 0.75-0.8, 1 kW iliyonse yamphamvu ya PV yomwe idayikidwa imapanga pafupifupi 3.4-3.6 kWh patsiku. Chifukwa chake makina a 20 kW amatha kupanga pafupifupi 68-72 kWh / tsiku. M'madera omwe ali ndi nthawi yotentha kwambiri ya 5.5, mphamvu ya tsiku ndi tsiku imatha kufika pafupifupi 85 kWh. PVOUT yeniyeni yapafupi ikhoza kufunsidwa ndi coordinate Global Solar Atlas.
Q2: Kodi dongosololi lingathe kuwongolera katundu woyendetsedwa ndi injini?
Inde, koma kuyambira pano kuyenera kuwerengedwa. Galimoto yolowetsa 22 kW yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito molunjika pa intaneti ikhoza kukoka nthawi yomweyo ya 110-150 A. Inverter iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira yokwanira kuti ikwaniritse zofunikirazi. Kwa ma motors amphamvu kwambiri, choyambira chofewa kapena chosinthira ma frequency drive (VFD) tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kuyambika kwamagetsi komwe kumayenderana.
Q3: Kodi dongosololi limagwira ntchito popanda kusungirako mphamvu?
Inde. Kwa ntchito zomwe makamaka zimadya magetsi masana, monga malo opopera ndi kuphwanya ntchito, dongosololi likhoza kugwira ntchito popanda kusungirako mphamvu, ndi inverter yopereka mphamvu poyankha katundu. Komabe, mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera usiku kapena nyengo ya mitambo amafunikira kusungirako mphamvu.
Q4: Kodi dongosolo angakulitsidwe?
Mapangidwe a modular amathandizira kukulitsa mphamvu powonjezera ndi kulumikiza mayunitsi owonjezera limodzi. Musanayambe kukulitsa, yang'anani kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa inverter ya mayunitsi ofanana ndi mphamvu ya malo olumikizirana. Kuwonjezera mphamvu ya PV yokha popanda kukweza makina ogawa magetsi sikungakhale kokwanira.
Q5: Zida zitha kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali bwanji pamalo odzaza mchere?
Mtundu wa mankhwalawo umatchulidwa ndi kukana kwa mchere wothira mchere wa ≤C5 ndi zokutira zotentha zotsekemera za ≥55 μm. Pansi pa ISO 12944 corrosion classifications, C5-M imatanthawuza malo am'madzi owononga kwambiri, kuphatikiza malo ena am'mphepete mwa nyanja mkati mwa 500 m kuchokera kunyanja. Ndi mulingo wachitetezo uwu komanso kuwunika pafupipafupi, makinawa amatha kuthandizira nthawi yopitilira zaka 15. Moyo weniweni wautumiki umadalirabe malo omwe awonongeka komanso kukonzanso pafupipafupi.
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