Kumaphrojekthi angaphandle kwegridi, umbuzo wokuqala ucishe ufane: Mangakanani amandla esiteshi sami samandla elanga esihambayo?
Ayikho impendulo elingana nosayizi owodwa. Isilinganiso samandla esidingekayo kufanele sibalwe, singamane sikhethwe. Ukucatshangelwa okukodwa okungalungile kungaholela ekusebenzeni kabusha okumba eqolo: isistimu encane ingase yehluleke ukusekela umthwalo, kuyilapho isistimu enkulu kakhulu ibopha imali eningi engeke isetshenziswe.
Lo mhlahlandlela uhlukanisa indlela yokulinganisa, unikeza ithebula lereferensi esheshayo yezimo ezivamile zokusebenza, futhi uchaza ukuthi kungani amamojula e-PV, ama-inverter nokugcinwa kwamandla kufanele kubalwe ngokuhlukana.
Qala ngokubala Amanani Abalulekile Amathathu
Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Kwansuku zonke (kWh/ngosuku)
Lesi yisiqalo sazo zonke izibalo zosayizi. Okubalulekile ugesi wangempela osetshenziswe ngaphezu kwamahora angu-24—hhayi isamba sezilinganiso ze-nameplate yesisetshenziswa noma inombolo yamadivayisi aphindwe ngamandla awo alinganiselwe.
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa esizeni:
- Hlola ukufundwa kwamamitha omlando.Lena ngokuvamile kuyindlela enembe kakhulu yamaphrojekthi anoxhumo olukhona lwegridi noma igenerator kadizili.
- Bala kusukela kuhlu lwamathuluzi.Linganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwedivayisi ngayinye ngokuphindaphinda amandla ayo alinganiselwe ngamahora ayo okusebenza nsuku zonke.
- Sebenzisa amaphrojekthi aqhathanisekayo njengereferensi.
Indlela yesithathu ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa amakamu okwakha asanda kusungulwa noma izindawo zokumba izimayini. Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zomkhakha yilezi: Ikamu lokwakha labantu abangu-30: 60–120 kWh/ngosuku; Ikamu lokwakha labantu abangu-100: 250–400 kWh/ngosuku.
Amandla Aphakeme Nesidingo Sesici
Amandla aphezulu anquma umthamo odingekayo we-inverter, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke kunquma umthamo we-PV odingekayo. Lawa amapharamitha amabili ahlukene.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa esizeni azivamile ukusebenza zigcwele ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isici sokufunwa esingu-0.6–0.8 sivame ukusetshenziswa ezilinganisweni zobunjiniyela. Ukuthatha isici esidingekayo se-1.0 kungase kubangele inverter enkulu kakhulu, ishiye umthamo oweqile ungasetshenziswa kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphila wephrojekthi.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile yimishini enamamotho anamandla amakhulu, njengamaphampu amanzi, ama-crusher kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa. Ukuqala kwazo kufanele kubalwe ngokwehlukana. Ukuqala okusheshayo kwenjini yokungeniswa esebenzisa i-direct-on-line yokuqala ingafinyelela izikhathi ezingu-5-7 zamanje ezilinganiselwe. Uma le nkinga ingaxazululwa, ngisho nesiguquli esinosayizi ofanele singakhubaza isivikelo saso.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Kwasebusuku Njengephesenti Lokusetshenziswa Kwansuku zonke
Lesi sibalo sinquma ukucushwa kwesitoreji samandla. Emakamu angenamuntu kakhulu emini kodwa asebenzisa ugesi obalulekile ebusuku, ukusetshenziswa kwasebusuku ngokuvamile kungadlula u-50% wokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Eziteshini zokumpompa ezisebenza kakhulu phakathi namahora okukhanya kwasemini, isabelo sasebusuku singase sibe ngaphansi kuka-20%.
Uma ukuncipha kwesabelo sasebusuku, isitoreji esiningi sisebenza njengomsebenzi ongeziwe. Uma isabelo siphezulu, isitoreji samandla siba esibucayi kakhulu ohlelweni lonke.
Ireferensi Yamandla Asheshayo Yezimo Ezivamile Zokusebenza
Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa ububanzi obujwayelekile bezimo zokusebenza eziyisithupha ezivamile. Lezi zibalo zisekelwe kulwazi lwemboni; izidingo zangempela zephrojekthi kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngokuqhathaniswa nohlu lomthwalo.
| I-Operating Scenario | Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Kwansuku zonke (kWh) | Amandla Aphakeme (kW) | Ukusetshenziswa Kwasebusuku | Amandla we-PV anconyiwe | Isitoreji Samandla Esinconyiwe |
| Ikamu lokwakha labantu abangu-30 | 60–120 | 15–25 | 50%–60% | 20 kW uchungechunge | 40kw |
| Ikamu lokwakha labantu abangu-100 | 250–400 | 50–70 | 50%–60% | 56–75 kW uchungechunge | 121kw |
| Amaphampu amabili okudonsa amanzi angu-22 kW (eyodwa esebenzayo, eyodwa elindile) | 200–300 | 40–50 | Ngaphansi kuka-20% | 56 kW uchungechunge | Ongakukhetha, njengoba kudingeka |
| 12 × 400 W izibani zesayithi (amahora angu-10 ebusuku) | 50 | 5 | 100% | 20 kW uchungechunge | 40kw |
| Isiteshi sesisekelo sokuxhumana ngocingo (ukusebenza okungama-24/7) | 60–90 | 3–5 | 100% | 20 kW uchungechunge | 40kw |
| Imishini yokushisela, imishini yokusika kanye namathuluzi amancane kagesi | 80–150 | 20–40 | Cishe u-30% | 56 kW uchungechunge | Ongakukhetha, njengoba kudingeka |
Ukuze usebenzise leli thebula, qala ngokukhomba isimo sokusebenza bese uhlola ukuthi yibuphi ububanzi obufana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke. Uma amandla aphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke kukhomba kumasayizi wesistimu ahlukene, sebenzisa isilinganiso samandla esiphezulu njengendawo yokuqala, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo we-PV wanele yini.
Kungani Amamojula e-PV, Ama-Inverters kanye Nesitoreji Samandla Kufanele Kukalwe Ngokuhlukene
Isilinganiso se-DC/AC: Umthamo we-PV Uvamise Ukuphezulu Kunomphumela Okalwe Ngesiguquli
Okukhiphayo kwemojuli ye-PV kukalwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile: izinga lokushisa lemojuli engu-25°C, i-irradiance engu-1,000 W/m² kanye ne-coefficient yesisindo somoya engu-AM1.5. Lapho izinga lokushisa le-backsheet lemojula lifinyelela ku-65°C esizeni, amamojula e-silicon e-crystalline ane-coefficient yezinga lokushisa engu- -0.3%/°C angase abe nokuncipha kokukhiphayo okungaba ngu-12%–14%.
Uma umthamo we-PV nokukhishwa kwesilinganiso se-inverter kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso esingu-1:1, isistimu ingase ingafinyeleli ekuphumeni okulinganiselwe kwe-inverter phakathi nengxenye eshisa kakhulu yosuku, okushiya amandla athile okushintshashintsha angasetshenziswa kancane.
Umkhuba ovamile womkhakha uwusayizi womthamo we-PV ofakiwe izikhathi ezingu-1.1–1.3 zokukhipha okulinganiselwe kwe-inverter. Lesi silinganiso saziwa ngokuthi isilinganiso se-DC/AC. Akusona isilinganiso esikhuphukayo; kusiza ukusebenzisa kangcono i-solar irradiance etholakalayo.
Ungabala Kanjani Amandla Okugcina Amandla
Umthamo wokugcina amandla uncike ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi ebusuku kanye nokujula okuvunyelwe kokukhipha (i-DoD).
| Ukusetshenziswa Kwasebusuku Njengesabelo Sokusetshenziswa Kwansuku zonke | Isitoreji Esidingekayo sika-100 kWh/ngosuku Lokusetshenziswa | Incazelo |
| 20% | Cishe. 22–25 kWh | Ikhava ukukhanya kwakusihlwa nokuxhumana kuphela, ithatha ukujula okungama-90%. |
| 40% | Cishe. 45–50 kWh | Ihlanganisa imithwalo eyisizayo yokukhiqiza kusihlwa |
| 60% | Cishe. 67–75 kWh | Okwezimo zokusebenza zasebusuku newashi, namandla angeziwe abekelwe izinsuku ezinamafu noma imvula |
| 100% (isiteshi esiyisisekelo sezokuxhumana) | Cishe. 110–120 kWh | Idinga ukucatshangelwa kwedizayini izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ezilandelanayo ezinamafu noma izimvula |
Isibalo singavezwa kanje:
Umthamo wokugcina amandla = Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke × Isabelo sokusebenzisa ebusuku ÷ Ukujula kokukhishwa × Isici esibekiwe sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu (1.0–1.3)
Isici sokungafuneki singaqinisekiswa ngokuqhathaniswa nedatha yendawo yesimo sezulu kusetshenziswa imojuli yesistimu ye-JRC PVGIS engaphandle kwegridi.
Kumabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), inani elijwayelekile lokujula kokukhipha lingama-90%. Ungabali ngokucabangela kwe-100% DoD, njengoba lokhu kungonakalisa impilo yomjikelezo.
I-Cycle Life kanye Neshejuli Yokushintsha
Amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate angafinyelela Imijikelezo engu-5,000–8,000 ekujuleni okungama-80%.. Uma kubhekwa umjikelezo wokukhipha imali eyodwa ngosuku, lokhu kufana neminyaka eyi-13-21. Lokhu kufushane kunempilo yesevisi yeminyaka engama-25 evame ukucaciswa kumamojula we-PV. Ngakho-ke isitoreji samandla singadinga ukushintshwa ngesikhathi somjikelezo wempilo wesistimu futhi akufanele kunganakwa ekubalweni kokutshalwa kwezimali.
Ukufanisa Iphrojekthi Yakho Nochungechunge Lwemikhiqizo Eyisithupha
Iziteshi zikagesi zelanga ezihambayo zeZM-Besta zitholakala ochungechungeni lwamandla ayisithupha, amandla afinyelela ku-20 kW kuya ku-200 kW, anezinhlobo ezingu-24 sezizonke. Ukucaciswa okubalulekile kubalwe ngezansi.
| Uchungechunge | Kufakiwe PV Capacity | Uhlobo lwemojuli ye-PV | Amandla ngemojuli ngayinye | I-Footprint esetshenzisiwe | Isisindo Somkhiqizo (Ngaphandle Kwesitoreji Samandla) | Isitoreji Samandla Esijwayelekile |
| 20 kW | 15–20 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 690–720 W | 33–39 m × 4 m | 3.8–4.3 t | 40kw |
| 56kw | 40–56 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 440–460 W | 63–85 m × 6 m | 12.5–15 t | 121kw |
| 75kw | 56–77 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 440–460 W | 63–85 m × 6 m | 12–15 t | Ongakukhetha, njengoba kudingeka |
| 150 kW | 109–152 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 510–530 W | 70–96 m × 12 m | 33–36 t | 261kw |
| 175 kW | 133–175 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 510–530 W | 70–96 m × 12 m | 31–34.5 t | Ongakukhetha, njengoba kudingeka |
| 200 kW | 148–204 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 580-600 W | 85–110 m × 12 m | 31–34 t | Ongakukhetha, njengoba kudingeka |
Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kulo lonke uhla lomkhiqizo:
- I-engeli yokufaka: 25°
- Uhlaka lwaluhlanganisa i-engeli: 130°
- I-hot-dip galvanized coating kuhlaka: ≥55 μm
- I-Zinc-aluminium-magnesium coating kuma-guide rails: ≥275 g/m²
- Isikhathi sokusebenza: ≤30 amaminithi
- Ukumelana nomoya ngemva kokuthunyelwa: Ibanga lesi-9
- Ukumelana ne-salt-spray: ≤C5
- Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza: -20°C kuya +50°C
- Isilinganiso sokuvikela ekucushweni okubekiwe: IP55
- I-Hybrid inverter okukhiphayo: 380 V / 400 V, isigaba sesithathu, izintambo ezine
- Imvamisa: 50/60 Hz
Amaphutha Amane Okulinganisa Avamile Okufanele Agwenywe
Ukwengeza nje Izilinganiso ze-Nameplate Yezisetshenziswa
Ukwengeza amandla alinganiselwe ayo yonke into ohlwini lwamathuluzi ngokuvamile kukhiqiza isilinganiso esingu-30%–50% esiphezulu kakhulu. Izisetshenziswa azisebenzi zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi umehluko ungahumushela ngqo ezindlekweni zesistimu ezingadingekile.
Ukuziba Ukulahleka Komphumela Okuhlobene Nezinga Lezinga lokushisa
Ezindaweni zezimayini eziwugwadule ezinamazinga okushisa azungezile angu-45°C, izinga lokushisa le-backsheet lemojula ye-PV lingadlula u-70°C, linciphise okukhiphayo cishe ngo-15%. Ukulinganisa isistimu ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni esijwayelekile esingu-25°C kungaholela ekuphumeni kwangempela okungaphansi kwalokho obekulindelekile.
Ukulinganisa Isitoreji Samandla Somthwalo Ophakeme
Ukugcinwa kwamandla kubala ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zesistimu. Ukulinganisa isitoreji ngokwamandla aphakeme kusho ukukhokhela umthamo wosuku lonke wesitoreji ukumboza inani eliphakeme elingase lenzeke amahora amabili kuphela. Indlela efanele iwukuba usayizi wesitoreji usekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ebusuku.
Izidingo Zokuhamba Ngokubhekela Nokuphakamisa
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinonyawo olumisiwe lwe-110 m × 12 m kanye nesisindo esingu-34 t zidinga ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kwemigwaqo yokungena esizeni, i-radius ephendukayo kanye namandla okuphakamisa u-crane. Imigwaqo yesikhashana ezindaweni zezimayini ivamise ukwakhelwa izimoto ezilula. Uma ukufinyelela kwezimoto ezisindayo kanye nezidingo zokuthulula zishaywa indiva, okokusebenza kungase kufike esizeni kodwa kungenzeki ukuthulula.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q1: Ungakanani ugesi ongaphehlwa yisiteshi samandla elanga angu-20 kW ngosuku?
Isizukulwane sincike ezimeni zelanga zendawo. Uma sicabanga ukuthi amahora angu-4.5 elanga aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu okungu-0.75–0.8, i-kW ngayinye engu-1 yomthamo we-PV efakiwe ikhiqiza cishe u-3.4–3.6 kWh ngosuku. Ngakho-ke uhlelo lwama-20 kW luzokhiqiza cishe u-68-72 kWh/ngosuku. Ezindaweni ezinamahora elanga aphakeme angu-5.5, isizukulwane sansuku zonke singafinyelela cishe ku-85 kWh.I-PVOUT yangempela yendawo ingabuzwa ngokuhlanganisa I-Global Solar Atlas.
I-Q2: Ingabe uhlelo lungakwazi ukufaka amandla ngokuqondile imithwalo eqhutshwa yimoto?
Yebo, kodwa ukuqala kwamanje kufanele kubalwe. Injini yokungenisa engu-22 kW esebenzisa i-direct-on-line yokuqala ingase idonse amandla akhona ngokushesha ka-110–150 A. I-inverter kufanele ibe namandla okwanele okulayisha ukuze isingathe lesi sidingo. Kumamotho anamandla amakhulu, i-soft starter noma i-variable frequency drive (VFD) iyatuswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqala kwamanje kanye nokuhamba kukagesi okuhambisanayo.
Q3: Ingabe uhlelo lungasebenza ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwamandla?
Yebo. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidla kakhulu ugesi phakathi nosuku, njengeziteshi zokupompa kanye nokusebenza kokuchotshozwa, isistimu ingase isebenze ngaphandle kwesitoreji samandla, ne-inverter ehlinzeka amandla ekuphenduleni umthwalo. Nokho, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni ebusuku noma ngesikhathi sezulu esiguqubele zidinga ukugcinwa kwamandla.
Q4: Ingabe uhlelo lunganwetshwa?
Idizayini ye-modular isekela ukunwetshwa kwamandla ngokungeza nokuxhuma amayunithi engeziwe ngokuhambisana. Ngaphambi kokunwetshwa, hlola inombolo ephezulu evunyelwe ye-inverter yamayunithi ahambisanayo kanye nomthamo wendawo yokuxhuma. Ukwengeza umthamo we-PV kukodwa ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusabalalisa ugesi kungase kunganele.
Q5: Imishini ingasebenza isikhathi esingakanani endaweni enosawoti omningi?
Ububanzi bomkhiqizo bucaciswe ngesilinganiso sokumelana nesithako sikasawoti esingu-≤C5 kanye nembobo yozimele yediphu eshisayo engu-≥55 μm. Ngaphansi kwezigaba ze-ISO 12944 corrosion, i-C5-M ibhekisela ezindaweni zasolwandle ezigqwala kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izindawo ezithile ezisogwini phakathi kwamamitha angu-500 olwandle. Ngaleli zinga lokuvikela kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile, isistimu ingase isekele isikhathi sesevisi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15. Impilo yesevisi yangempela isancike ezimeni zokugqwala eziqondene nesayithi kanye nemvamisa yokulungiswa.
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