Kwiiprojekthi ezingaphandle kwegridi, umbuzo wokuqala uphantse ufane ufane: Mangakanani amandla afunekayo kwisikhululo sam sombane esiphathwayo?
Akukho mpendulo ilingana nenye. Umlinganiselo wamandla ofunekayo kufuneka ubalwe, ungakhethi nje. Ingqikelelo enye engachanekanga ingakhokelela ekusetyenzweni kwakhona kweendleko ezinkulu: inkqubo engancinci ingasilela ukuxhasa umthwalo, ngelixa inkqubo enkulu ibophelela inkunzi kwisikhundla esingenakuze sisetyenziswe.
Esi sikhokelo siphula indlela yokulinganisa, sinika itafile yokubhekisela ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, kwaye ichaza ukuba kutheni iimodyuli ze-PV, ii-inverters kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kufuneka zibalwe ngokwahlukileyo.
Qala ngokubala iNdlela eZintathu eziPhambili
Ukusetyenziswa kwaMandla ngemihla (kWh/ngosuku)
Esi sisiqalo sazo zonke izibalo zesayizi. Okubalulekileyo ngowona mbane usetyenziswe ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24-hayi isixa-mali sezixhobo ze-nameplate ratings okanye inani lezixhobo eziphindaphindwe ngamandla azo alinganisiweyo.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokuqikelela ukusetyenziswa kwindawo:
- Jonga ufundo lwemitha yembali. Le yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo yeeprojekthi ezinoqhagamshelo lwegridi ekhoyo okanye ijenereyitha yedizili.
- Bala kuluhlu lwezixhobo.Qikelela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwesixhobo ngasinye ngokuphinda-phinda amandla aso alinganisiweyo ngeeyure zokusebenza zemihla ngemihla.
- Sebenzisa iiprojekthi ezithelekisekayo njengesalathiso.
Indlela yesithathu isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkampu zokwakha ezisanda kusekwa okanye iindawo zemigodi. Uqikelelo lweshishini oluqhelekileyo lu: Inkampu yolwakhiwo lwabantu abangama-30: 60–120 kWh/ngosuku; Inkampu yokwakha yabantu abayi-100: 250–400 kWh/ngosuku.
Amandla aphezulu kunye neMbango Factor
Amandla aphezulu amisela umthamo ofunekayo we-inverter, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke kugqiba umthamo ofunekayo we-PV. Ezi parameters ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
Izixhobo ezikwisiza aziqhelekanga ukusebenza zigcwele umthwalo ngaxeshanye. Umba wemfuno we-0.6–0.8 uqhele ukusetyenziswa kuqikelelo lobunjineli. Ukucinga ukuba imfuno ye-1.0 inokukhokelela kwi-inverter enkulu, ishiya umthamo ongaphezulu ungasetyenziswanga kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi beprojekthi.
Olunye uqwalaselo olubalulekileyo zizixhobo ezineenjini zamandla aphezulu, ezinjengeempompo zamanzi, izityumsi kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa. Umjelo wabo wokuqala kufuneka ubalwe ngokwahlukileyo. Ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kwangoku kwe-motor induction usebenzisa i-direct-line-line ukuqala kunokufikelela kumaxesha angama-5-7 alinganiselwe ngoku. Ukuba lo mba awulungiswanga, nokuba isiguquli esinamandla ngokwanelisayo sinokukhubaza ukhuseleko lwaso.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla obusuku njengepesenti yokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla
Lo mzobo umisela ukucwangciswa kokugcinwa kwamandla. Kwiinkampu ezingahlaliyo kakhulu emini kodwa zisebenzisa umbane obalulekileyo ebusuku, ukusetyenziswa kwasebusuku kunokudlula i-50% yokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla. Kwizikhululo zokumpompa ezisebenza kakhulu ngexesha lemini, isabelo sasebusuku sinokuba ngaphantsi kwe-20%.
Isabelo esisezantsi sasebusuku, kokukhona ugcino lusebenza njengomsebenzi owongezelelweyo. Okukhona isabelo siphezulu, kokukhona ugcino lwamandla lubaluleke ngakumbi luba kwinkqubo iyonke.
Ireferensi yaMandla aKhawulezayo kwiiMeko eziQhelekileyo zokuSebenza
Le theyibhile ilandelayo ishwankathela uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lweemeko ezintandathu zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo. La manani asekelwe kumava oshishino; Iimfuno ezichanekileyo zeprojekthi kufuneka zingqinwe kuluhlu lomthwalo.
| Imeko yokuSebenza | Ukusetyenziswa kwaMandla ngemihla (kWh) | Amandla Aphezulu (kW) | Ukusetyenziswa kwasebusuku | Umthamo wePV ocetyiswayo | UGcino lwaMandla olucetyiswayo |
| Inkampu yokwakha yabantu abangama-30 | 60–120 | 15–25 | 50%–60% | 20 kW uthotho | 40 kWh |
| Inkampu yokwakha yabantu abayi-100 | 250–400 | 50–70 | 50%–60% | 56-75 kW uthotho | 121kWh |
| Iimpompo zokukhupha amanzi ezimbini ezingama-22 kW (enye iyasebenza, enye ilindile) | 200–300 | 40–50 | Ngaphantsi kwe-20% | 56 kW uthotho | Ukuzikhethela, njengoko kufuneka |
| 12 × 400 W izibane zendawo (iiyure ezili-10 ebusuku) | 50 | 5 | 100% | 20 kW uthotho | 40 kWh |
| Isikhululo sonxibelelwano ngocingo (24/7 ukusebenza) | 60–90 | 3–5 | 100% | 20 kW uthotho | 40 kWh |
| Oomatshini bokuwelda, izixhobo zokusika kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zamandla | 80–150 | 20–40 | Malunga ne 30% | 56 kW uthotho | Ukuzikhethela, njengoko kufuneka |
Ukusebenzisa le theyibhile, qala uchonge imeko yokusebenza kwaye ukhangele ukuba loluphi uluhlu oluhambelana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke. Ukuba amandla aphezulu kunye nosetyenziso lwamandla lwemihla ngemihla lukhomba kwiisayizi zenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, sebenzisa umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla njengendawo yokuqala, emva koko uqinisekise ukuba umthamo wePV wanele.
Kutheni iiModyuli ze-PV, ii-Inverters kunye noGcino lwaMandla kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokwahlukeneyo
Umlinganiselo weDC/AC: Umthamo wePV uqhelekile uPhakamileyo kuneInverter eRayilwayo
Imveliso yemodyuli ye-PV ilinganiswe phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo: ubushushu bemodyuli ye-25 ° C, i-irradiance ye-1,000 W / m² kunye ne-coefficient yobunzima bomoya ye-AM1.5. Xa imodyuli ye-backsheet yokushisa ifikelela kwi-65 ° C kwisayithi, iimodyuli ze-crystalline ze-silicon ezine-coefficient yokushisa kwe-0.3% / ° C zinokufumana ukuncipha kwemveliso malunga ne-12% -14%.
Ukuba umthamo we-PV kunye ne-inverter rated output ihambelana nomlinganiselo we-1: 1, inkqubo ayinakufikelela kwisiphumo esilinganisiweyo se-inverter ngexesha lelona xesha lishushu kakhulu losuku, lishiya amandla athile e-inverter engasetyenziswanga.
Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo woshishino kubukhulu bomthamo wePV ofakiweyo kwi-1.1-1.3 amaxesha e-inverter's rated output. Lo mlinganiselo waziwa ngokuba yi-DC/AC ratio. Ayilohlelo olunyusiweyo; inceda ukusebenzisa ngcono i-solar irradiance ekhoyo.
Indlela yokubala Umthamo wokuGcina amandla
Umthamo wokugcina amandla uxhomekeke ekusebenziseni umbane ebusuku kunye nobunzulu obuvunyelweyo bokukhupha (i-DoD).
| Ukusetyenziswa kwasebusuku njengeSabelo soSetyenziso lweMihla | Ugcino olufunekayo lwe-100 kWh/ngosuku lokuSetyenziswa | Inkcazo |
| 20% | Malunga. 22–25 kWh | Iquka ukukhanya kwangokuhlwa kunye nonxibelelwano kuphela, kuthatha ubunzulu be-90% yokukhupha |
| 40% | Malunga. 45–50 kWh | Igubungela imithwalo encedisayo yemveliso ngexesha langokuhlwa |
| 60% | Malunga. 67–75 kWh | Ngeemeko zokusebenza ezijikelezayo, ezinomthamo owongezelelweyo ogcinelwe iintsuku ezinamafu okanye ezinemvula |
| 100% (isikhululo sonxibelelwano ngefowuni) | Malunga. 110–120 kWh | Ifuna uqwalaselo loyilo kangangeentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ezilandelelanayo ezinamafu okanye ezinemvula |
Ubalo lungabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo:
Umthamo wogcino lwamandla = Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngemihla × Isabelo sasebusuku esisetyenziswayo ÷ Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa × Ugcino lwemozulu olunamafu (1.0–1.3)
Umba wokungabikho komsebenzi unokuqinisekiswa ngokuchasene nedatha yendawo yemozulu kusetyenziswa imodyuli yenkqubo ye-JRC PVGIS ngaphandle kwegrid.
Kwiibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokuyila ubunzulu bokukhutshwa yi-90%. Musa ukubala ngengqikelelo ye-100% ye-DoD, njengoko oku kunokubeka esichengeni ubomi bomjikelo.
Ubomi boMjikelo kunye neShedyuli yoTshintsho
Iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate zinokufikelela I-5,000-8,000 imijikelezo kwi-80% ubunzulu bokukhutshwa. Ukuthatha umjikelo omnye wokukhutshwa kwentlawulo ngosuku, oku kuhambelana malunga neminyaka eyi-13-21. Oku kufutshane kunobomi benkonzo yeminyaka engama-25 obuchazwe ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimodyuli zePV. Ukugcinwa kwamandla ke ngoko kunokufuna ukutshintshwa ngexesha lokuphila kwenkqubo kwaye akufanele kuhoywe kwizibalo zotyalo-mali.
Ukuthelekisa iProjekthi yakho kwenye yeeMveliso eziNtathu zeMveliso
Izikhululo zamandla elanga ezihambayo zeZM-Besta zifumaneka kuthotho lwamandla amathandathu, agubungela ama-20 kW ukuya kuma-200 kW, anemizekelo engama-24 iyonke. Iimpawu eziphambili zidweliswe ngezantsi.
| Uthotho | Ifakwe iPV Capacity | Uhlobo lweModyuli yePV | Amandla ngeModyuli nganye | Ushicilelo lweMpawu | Ubunzima beMveliso (Ngaphandle koGcino lwaMandla) | UGcino lwaMandla oMgangatho |
| 20 kW | 15–20 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 690–720 W | 33-39 m × 4 m | 3.8–4.3 t | 40 kWh |
| 56kW | 40–56 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 440–460 W | 63-85 m × 6 m | 12.5–15 t | 121kWh |
| 75kW | 56–77 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 440–460 W | 63-85 m × 6 m | 12–15 t | Ukuzikhethela, njengoko kufuneka |
| 150 kW | 109–152 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 510–530 W | 70-96 m × 12 m | 33–36 t | 261kWh |
| 175 kW | 133–175 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 510–530 W | 70-96 m × 12 m | 31–34.5 t | Ukuzikhethela, njengoko kufuneka |
| 200 kW | 148–204 kW | N-uhlobo lwe-TOPCon | 580–600 W | 85-110 m × 12 m | 31–34 t | Ukuzikhethela, njengoko kufuneka |
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwemveliso:
- I-angle yokufakela: 25 °
- Isakhelo sibandakanya i-angle: 130 °
- I-Hot-dip galvanized coating kwisakhelo: ≥55 μm
- I-Zinc-aluminiyam-i-magnesium yokwambathisa kwiintsimbi zesikhokelo: ≥275 g/m²
- Ixesha lokuthunyelwa: ≤30 imizuzu
- Ukumelana nomoya emva kokusasazwa komsebenzi: IBanga le-9
- Ukumelana netyuwa-spray: ≤C5
- Ubushushu bokusebenza: -20°C ukuya +50°C
- Ireyithingi yokhuseleko kubumbeko olugciniweyo: IP55
- Imveliso ye-Hybrid inverter: 380 V / 400 V, isigaba sesithathu, i-wire-wire
- Ukuphindaphinda: 50/60 Hz
Iimpazamo ezine zobungakanani obuqhelekileyo ekufuneka uzithintele
Ukongeza ngokulula kwiZixhobo zeNameplate yokukala
Ukongeza amandla alinganisiweyo ento nganye ekuluhlu lwezixhobo ngokuqhelekileyo kuvelisa uqikelelo oluyi-30% -50% ephezulu kakhulu. Izixhobo azisebenzi zonke ngaxeshanye, kwaye umahluko unokuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwiindleko zenkqubo ezingeyomfuneko.
Ukungahoyi Ilahleko yeZiphumo eziNxulumene noBuqondo
Kwimimandla yemigodi yasentlango kunye namaqondo obushushu angama-45 ° C, imodyuli ye-PV ubushushu be-backsheet ingadlula i-70 ° C, inciphisa imveliso malunga ne-15%. Ubungakanani benkqubo esekelwe kumlinganiselo oqhelekileyo kwi-25 ° C kunokubangela umphumo ongaphantsi kunokulindelekileyo.
Ubungakanani boGcino lwaMandla kuMthwalo oPhakamileyo
Ugcino lwamandla luthatha umlinganiselo omkhulu weendleko zenkqubo iyonke. Ubungakanani bogcino ngokwamandla aphezulu kuthetha ukuhlawulela umthamo wosuku lonke wokugubungela incopho enokuthi yenzeke iiyure ezimbini kuphela. Indlela echanekileyo kukugcina ubungakanani ngokusekelwe kusetyenziso lwamandla ebusuku.
IiMfuno zoThutho ezijongeneyo kunye nokuPhakamisa
Izixhobo ezinomda obekiweyo we-110 m × 12 m kunye nobunzima be-34 t zifuna uqwalaselo lwangaphambili lweendlela zokungena kwisiza, iradiyasi ejikajikayo kunye nomthamo wokunyuswa kwecrane. Iindlela zexeshana kwiindawo zemigodi zihlala ziyilelwe izithuthi ezilula. Ukuba ukufikelela kwinqwelo-mafutha enzima kunye neemfuno zokothula azihoywa, isixhobo sinokufika kwindawo kodwa akunakwenzeka ukukhulula.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
I-Q1: Ungakanani umbane onokwenziwa sisikhululo samandla elanga esiphathwayo esingama-20 kW ngosuku?
Isizukulwana sixhomekeke kwiimeko zelanga zendawo. Ukucinga ukuba iiyure ze-4.5 eziphezulu zelanga kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-0.75-0.8, nganye i-1 kW yomthamo we-PV ofakiweyo wenza malunga ne-3.4-3.6 kWh ngosuku. Isixokelelwano sama-20 kW ke ngoko siya kuvelisa malunga nama-68–72 kWh/ngosuku. Kwiindawo ezinencopho yeeyure eziyi-5.5 zelanga, isizukulwana semihla ngemihla sinokufikelela kuma-85 kWh. Eyona PVOUT yendawo inokubuzwa ngolungelelwaniso IAtlasi yeSolar yeHlabathi.
I-Q2: Ngaba inkqubo inganika amandla ngokuthe ngqo imithwalo eqhutywa yimoto?
Ewe, kodwa ukuqala okwangoku kufuneka kubalwe. I-22 kW induction motor esebenzisa i-direct-on-line ukuqala inokwenza i-current current ye-110-150 A. I-inverter kufuneka ibe namandla okwaneleyo okulayisha ukujongana nale mfuno. Kwiimoto ezinamandla amakhulu, i-soft starter okanye i-variable frequency drive (VFD) iyacetyiswa ukunciphisa ukuqala kwangoku kunye nokuhamba kombane okuhambelanayo.
I-Q3: Ngaba inkqubo ingasebenza ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwamandla?
Ewe. Ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ezidla kakhulu umbane emini, ezifana nezitishi zokupompoza kunye nemisebenzi yokutyumza, inkqubo inokusebenza ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwamandla, kunye ne-inverter yokubonelela amandla ekuphenduleni umthwalo. Nangona kunjalo, usetyenziso olufuna amandla okugcina amandla ebusuku okanye ngexesha lemozulu enamafu lufuna ukugcinwa kwamandla.
I-Q4: Ngaba inkqubo inokwandiswa?
Uyilo lweemodyuli luxhasa ukwandiswa kwamandla ngokongeza kunye nokudibanisa iiyunithi ezongezelelweyo ngokuhambelanayo. Ngaphambi kokwandiswa, jonga inani eliphezulu elivunyelweyo le-inverter yeeyunithi ezihambelanayo kunye nomthamo wendawo yokudibanisa. Ukongeza umthamo wePV wedwa ngaphandle kokuphucula inkqubo yokuhambisa umbane ayinakwanela.
I-Q5: Isixhobo sinokusebenza ixesha elingakanani kwindawo enetyuwa?
Uluhlu lwemveliso luchazwe ngetyuwa-spray resistance rating of ≤C5 kunye ne-hot-dip galvanized frame coating of ≥55 μm. Ngaphantsi kokuhlelwa kokutya kwe-ISO 12944, i-C5-M ibhekiselele kwimo engqongileyo yaselwandle eyonakalisa kakhulu, kubandakanywa iindawo ezithile eziselunxwemeni phakathi kwe-500 m yolwandle. Ngeli nqanaba lokukhusela kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo, inkqubo inokuxhasa ixesha lenkonzo elingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15. Ubomi benkonzo obuyinyani busaxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zomhlwa kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo.
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