Don ayyukan kashe-kashe, tambayar farko kusan koyaushe iri ɗaya ce: Nawa wutar lantarki tashar wutar lantarki ta wayar tafi da gidanka ke buƙata?
Babu amsa daya-daya-daidai-duk. Dole ne a ƙididdige ƙimar ƙarfin da ake buƙata, ba kawai zaɓi ba. Ɗayan zato ɗaya da ba daidai ba zai iya haifar da sake yin aiki mai tsada: tsarin da ba shi da kyau zai iya kasa tallafawa nauyin, yayin da tsarin da ya fi girma ya haɗa babban jari a cikin ƙarfin da ba za a iya amfani da shi ba.
Wannan jagorar yana rushe hanyar ƙima, yana ba da tebur mai sauri don yanayin aiki gama gari, kuma ya bayyana dalilin da yasa dole ne a lissafta nau'ikan PV, masu juyawa da ajiyar makamashi daban.
Fara da Kididdige Maɓallin Maɓalli uku
Amfanin Makamashi Kullum (kWh/rana)
Wannan shine wurin farawa don duk lissafin girman girman. Abin da ke da mahimmanci shi ne ainihin wutar lantarki da ake cinyewa sama da sa'o'i 24-ba jimillar kimar farantin kayan aiki ba ko adadin na'urorin da aka ninka ta hanyar ƙimar ƙarfinsu.
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don kimanta yawan amfanin ƙasa:
- Bincika karatun mitoci na tarihi.Wannan ita ce gabaɗaya hanya mafi dacewa don ayyuka tare da haɗin grid na yanzu ko janareta na diesel.
- Yi ƙididdigewa daga lissafin kayan aiki.Kididdige yawan kuzarin kowace na'ura ta hanyar ninka ƙimar ƙarfinta ta lokutan aiki na yau da kullun.
- Yi amfani da kwatankwacin ayyukan a matsayin tunani.
Hanya ta uku ana amfani da ita don sabbin sansanonin gine-gine ko wuraren hakar ma'adinai. Kiyasin masana'antu na yau da kullun sune: sansanin gini na mutum 30: 60-120 kWh/rana; Sansanin ginin mutum 100: 250-400 kWh/rana.
Kololuwar Ƙarfi da Factor Buƙata
Ƙarfin mafi girma yana ƙayyade ƙarfin inverter da ake buƙata, yayin amfani da makamashin yau da kullun yana ƙayyade ƙarfin PV da ake buƙata. Waɗannan sigogi biyu ne daban-daban.
Kayan aiki na kan wurin ba ya aiki da cikakken kaya lokaci guda. Matsakaicin buƙatu na 0.6-0.8 ana yawan amfani da shi a ƙididdiga na injiniya. Yin la'akari da ƙimar buƙatu na 1.0 na iya haifar da girman inverter, yana barin wuce gona da iri da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a tsawon rayuwar aikin.
Wani muhimmin abin la'akari shine kayan aiki tare da manyan motoci masu ƙarfi, irin su famfo na ruwa, ƙwanƙwasa da kayan ɗagawa. Dole ne a lissafta lokacin fara su daban. Farawa yanzun nan take na induction motor ta amfani da farawa kan layi kai tsaye zai iya kaiwa sau 5-7 ƙimar halin yanzu. Idan ba a magance wannan batu ba, ko da madaidaicin inverter na iya lalata kariyarsa.
Amfanin Makamashi na Dare a matsayin Kashi na Amfanin Kullum
Wannan adadi yana ƙayyade tsarin ajiyar makamashi. Ga sansanonin da ba kowa a cikin rana amma suna cin wuta mai mahimmanci da daddare, yawan amfani da dare na iya wuce kashi 50% na amfanin yau da kullun. Don tashoshin famfo da ke aiki galibi a lokacin hasken rana, rabon dare na iya zama ƙasa da 20%.
Ƙananan rabon dare, ƙarin ajiya yana aiki azaman ƙarin aiki. Mafi girman rabon, mafi mahimmancin ajiyar makamashi ya zama tsarin gaba ɗaya.
Maganar Sauƙaƙen Wuta don Yanayin Aiki na gama gari
Teburin mai zuwa yana taƙaita jeri na yau da kullun don yanayin aiki guda shida na gama gari. Waɗannan ƙididdiga sun dogara ne akan ƙwarewar masana'antu; dole ne a tabbatar da ainihin buƙatun aikin akan lissafin kaya.
| Yanayin Aiki | Amfanin Makamashi Kullum (kWh) | Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (kW) | Amfanin Dare | Nasihar Ƙarfin PV | Ajiye Makamashi Na Shawarar |
| sansanin ginin mutum 30 | 60-120 | 15-25 | 50% - 60% | 20 kW jerin | 40 kWh |
| sansanin ginin mutum 100 | 250-400 | 50-70 | 50% - 60% | 56-75 kW jerin | 121 kWh |
| Biyu 22 kW famfo magudanar ruwa (ɗayan aiki, jiran aiki ɗaya) | 200-300 | 40-50 | Kasa da 20% | 56 kW jerin | Na zaɓi, kamar yadda ake buƙata |
| 12 × 400 W fitilun rukunin yanar gizo (awanni 10 da dare) | 50 | 5 | 100% | 20 kW jerin | 40 kWh |
| Tashar tashar sadarwa (aiki 24/7) | 60-90 | 3–5 | 100% | 20 kW jerin | 40 kWh |
| Injin walda, kayan yankan da ƙananan kayan aikin wuta | 80-150 | 20-40 | Kusan 30% | 56 kW jerin | Na zaɓi, kamar yadda ake buƙata |
Don amfani da wannan tebur, da farko gano yanayin aiki kuma duba wane kewayon ya dace da yawan kuzarin yau da kullun. Idan ƙarfin kololuwa da yawan kuzarin yau da kullun suna nuni zuwa girman tsarin daban-daban, yi amfani da ƙimar ƙarfin mafi girma azaman wurin farawa, sannan tabbatar da ko ƙarfin PV ya isa.
Me yasa PV Modules, Inverters da Ma'ajiyar Makamashi Dole ne a Girma dabam
Ratio DC/AC: Ƙarfin PV Yawanci Ya Fi Ƙimar Fitar Inverter
An ƙididdige fitowar samfurin PV a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji: yanayin zafin jiki na 25°C, rashin haske na 1,000 W/m² da ƙimar yawan iska na AM1.5. Lokacin da yanayin bayanan baya na module ya kai 65 ° C akan wurin, samfuran silicon crystalline tare da ƙimar zafin jiki na -0.3%/°C na iya fuskantar raguwar fitarwa na kusan 12% – 14%.
Idan ƙarfin PV da inverter rated fitarwa sun dace da rabon 1:1, tsarin bazai iya kaiwa ga ƙimar inverter a lokacin mafi zafi na rana ba, yana barin wasu ƙarfin inverter ba a yi amfani da su ba.
Ayyukan masana'antu na yau da kullun shine girman ƙarfin PV da aka shigar a sau 1.1-1.3 na ƙimar fitarwar inverter. Ana kiran wannan rabo da rabon DC/AC. Ba ƙididdigewa ba ne; yana taimakawa mafi kyawun amfani da isassun hasken rana.
Yadda ake ƙididdige Ƙarfin Ajiye Makamashi
Ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi ya dogara da amfani da wutar lantarki na dare da zurfin fitarwa (DoD).
| Amfanin Dare a matsayin Rabon Amfanin Kullum | Ajiye da ake buƙata don 100 kWh / rana na Amfani | Bayani |
| 20% | Kimanin 22-25 kWh | Yana rufe hasken yamma da sadarwa kawai, yana ɗaukar zurfin 90% na fitarwa |
| 40% | Kimanin 45-50 kWh | Yana rufe nauyin samar da ƙarin lokacin maraice |
| 60% | Kimanin 67-75 kWh | Don yanayin yanayin aiki na kowane lokaci, tare da ƙarin ƙarfin da aka tanada don ranakun girgije ko ruwan sama |
| 100% (tashar tashar sadarwa) | Kimanin 110-120 kWh | Yana buƙatar la'akari da ƙira don kwanaki 2-3 a jere na girgije ko ruwan sama |
Ana iya bayyana lissafin kamar haka:
Ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi = Amfanin makamashi na yau da kullun × rabon amfani da lokacin dare ÷ Zurfin fitarwa × Ma'aunin ajiyar iska mai iska (1.0-1.3)
Za'a iya tabbatar da yanayin sakewa akan bayanan yanayi na gida ta amfani da shi da JRC PVGIS kashe-grid tsarin module.
Don batirin lithium iron phosphate (LFP), ƙimar ƙima mai zurfin-fitarwa shine 90%. Kada a lissafta akan zato na 100% DoD, saboda wannan na iya yin sulhunta rayuwar sake zagayowar.
Jadawalin Rayuwa da Maye gurbin Zagayowar
Lithium iron phosphate batura iya cimma Zagaye 5,000-8,000 a zurfin 80% na fitarwa. Tsammanin sake zagayowar caji guda ɗaya a kowace rana, wannan yayi daidai da kusan shekaru 13-21. Wannan ya fi guntu fiye da rayuwar sabis na shekaru 25 da aka saba kayyade don samfuran PV. Don haka ajiyar makamashi na iya buƙatar sauyawa a lokacin tsarin rayuwar tsarin kuma bai kamata a manta da shi ba a lissafin zuba jari.
Daidaita Ayyukanku zuwa Daya Daga cikin Jerin Samfuran Shida
Ana samun tashoshin wutar lantarki ta wayar hannu ta ZM-Besta a cikin jerin wutar lantarki guda shida, wanda ke rufe 20 kW zuwa 200 kW, tare da ƙira 24 gabaɗaya. An jera mahimman bayanai a ƙasa.
| Jerin | An shigar da Ƙarfin PV | Nau'in Module PV | Ƙarfin kowane Module | Ƙafafun Ƙafafun da aka ƙaddamar | Nauyin Samfuri (Ban Ajiye Makamashi) | Daidaitaccen Adana Makamashi |
| 20 kW | 15-20 kW | N-type TOPCon | 690-720 W | 33-39 m × 4 m | 3.8-4.3 t | 40 kWh |
| 56 kW | 40-56 kW | N-type TOPCon | 440-460 W | 63-85 m × 6 m | 12.5-15 t | 121 kWh |
| 75 kW | 56-77 kW | N-type TOPCon | 440-460 W | 63-85 m × 6 m | 12-15 t | Na zaɓi, kamar yadda ake buƙata |
| 150 kW | 109-152 kW | N-type TOPCon | 510-530 W | 70-96 m × 12 m | 33-36 t | 261 kWh |
| 175 kW | 133-175 kW | N-type TOPCon | 510-530 W | 70-96 m × 12 m | 31-34.5 t | Na zaɓi, kamar yadda ake buƙata |
| 200 kW | 148-204 kW | N-type TOPCon | 580-600 W | 85-110 m × 12 m | 31-34 t | Na zaɓi, kamar yadda ake buƙata |
Ƙididdiga gama gari a cikin kewayon samfur:
- Wurin shigarwa: 25°
- Tsarin da aka haɗa da kusurwa: 130°
- Hot-tsoma galvanized shafi a kan firam: ≥55 μm
- Tutiya-aluminum-magnesium shafi a kan jagoran rails: ≥275 g/m²
- Lokacin aika aiki: ≤30 mintuna
- Juriyar iska bayan turawa: Daraja 9
- Juriya-fesa gishiri: ≤C5
- Yanayin aiki: -20°C zuwa +50°C
- Ƙimar kariya a cikin tsarin da aka ajiye: IP55
- Fitowar inverter Hybrid: 380V/400V, mataki uku, waya hudu
- Mitar: 50/60 Hz
Kurakurai Guda Hudu Na Yamma don Gujewa
Kawai Ƙara Ƙimar Farantin Sunan Kayan aiki
Ƙara ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige kowane abu a cikin jerin kayan aiki yawanci yana samar da ƙididdigewa wanda ya wuce 30% -50% maɗaukaki. Kayan aiki ba duka suna aiki a lokaci ɗaya ba, kuma bambancin zai iya fassara kai tsaye zuwa farashin tsarin da ba dole ba.
Yin watsi da asarar Fitar da ke da alaƙa da Zazzabi
A cikin wuraren hakar ma'adinai na hamada tare da yanayin yanayin zafi na 45 ° C, PV module yanayin zafi na baya zai iya wuce 70 ° C, yana rage fitarwa da kusan 15%. Ƙimar tsarin da ya dogara da daidaitattun ƙididdiga a 25 ° C na iya haifar da ƙananan fitarwa fiye da yadda ake tsammani.
Girman Ma'ajiyar Makamashi don Ƙaunar Load
Ma'ajiyar makamashi tana ƙididdige kaso mai tsoka na jimlar farashin tsarin. Girman ajiya gwargwadon ƙarfin kololuwa yana nufin biyan ƙarfin ajiya gabaɗayan rana don rufe kololuwar da zai iya faruwa na sa'o'i biyu kacal. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce girman ajiya dangane da yawan kuzarin dare.
Kallon Sufuri da Bukatun ɗagawa
Kayan aiki tare da sawun sawun 110m × 12 m da nauyin 34 t yana buƙatar ci gaba da bincika hanyoyin shiga yanar gizo, juyawa radius da ƙarfin ɗaga crane. Hanyoyin wucin gadi a wuraren hakar ma'adinai galibi ana tsara su don motoci masu haske. Idan an yi watsi da damar shiga manyan motoci da buƙatun sauke kaya, kayan aikin na iya isa wurin amma ba zai yiwu a sauke ba.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Q1: Nawa wutar lantarki za ta iya samar da tashar wutar lantarki ta wayar tafi da gidanka mai karfin rana 20kW kowace rana?
Ƙarni ya dogara da yanayin hasken rana na gida. Ana ɗaukar sa'o'in rana mafi girma na 4.5 da ingantaccen tsarin 0.75-0.8, kowane 1 kW na ƙarfin PV da aka shigar yana haifar da kusan 3.4-3.6 kWh kowace rana. Don haka tsarin 20 kW zai haifar da kusan 68-72 kWh / rana. A cikin yankunan da ke da 5.5 mafi tsayin sa'o'in rana, tsarar yau da kullum na iya kaiwa kusan 85 kWh. Ana iya tambayar ainihin PVOUT na gida ta hanyar daidaitawa a cikin Global Solar Atlas.
Q2: Shin tsarin zai iya ba da iko kai tsaye kayan aikin motsa jiki?
Ee, amma dole ne a ƙididdige farawa na halin yanzu. Motar shigar da 22 kW ta amfani da farawa kan layi kai tsaye na iya zana halin yanzu na 110-150 A. Mai jujjuyawar dole ne ya sami isasshen ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi don ɗaukar wannan buƙatar. Don manyan injuna masu ƙarfi, ana ba da shawarar mai farawa mai laushi ko motsi mai canzawa (VFD) don rage farawa na yanzu da abin da ke da alaƙa da wutar lantarki.
Q3: Shin tsarin zai iya aiki ba tare da ajiyar makamashi ba?
Ee. Ga aikace-aikacen da galibi ke cinye wutar lantarki da rana, kamar tashoshi na famfo da aikin murƙushewa, tsarin na iya aiki ba tare da ajiyar makamashi ba, tare da inverter yana ba da wutar lantarki don amsa lodin. Koyaya, aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin ajiya da daddare ko lokacin girgije suna buƙatar ajiyar makamashi.
Q4: Za a iya fadada tsarin?
Ƙirar ƙira tana goyan bayan haɓaka iya aiki ta ƙara da haɗa ƙarin raka'a a layi daya. Kafin fadadawa, duba matsakaicin adadin da aka yarda da inverter na raka'a masu kama da juna da ƙarfin wurin haɗin. Ƙara ƙarfin PV shi kaɗai ba tare da haɓaka tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki ba zai iya isa ba.
Q5: Yaya tsawon lokacin da kayan aiki zasu iya aiki a cikin yanayin da aka yi da gishiri?
An ƙayyade kewayon samfurin tare da ƙimar juriya na fesa gishiri na ≤C5 da murfin firam mai zafi-tsoma na ≥55 μm. A karkashin ISO 12944 rarrabuwa na lalata, C5-M yana nufin yanayin yanayin ruwa mai lalata sosai, gami da wasu wuraren bakin teku tsakanin 500 m na teku. Tare da wannan matakin kariya da dubawa na yau da kullun, tsarin zai iya tallafawa lokacin sabis na fiye da shekaru 15. Ainihin rayuwar sabis har yanzu yana dogara ne akan takamaiman yanayin lalata da mitar kulawa.
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