Kubikorwa bitari kuri grid, ikibazo cya mbere hafi ya cyose ni kimwe: Ningufu zingahe zikoresha amashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba?
Nta gisubizo-kimwe-gihuye-igisubizo cyose. Igipimo cyingufu zisabwa kigomba kubarwa, ntabwo cyatoranijwe gusa. Igitekerezo kimwe kitari cyo gishobora kuganisha kumurimo uhenze: sisitemu idashyizwe kumurongo irashobora kunanirwa gushyigikira umutwaro, mugihe sisitemu nini ihuza igishoro mubushobozi budashobora gukoreshwa.
Aka gatabo kamena uburyo bunini, butanga imbonerahamwe yihuse yerekana ibintu bisanzwe, kandi isobanura impamvu PV modules, inverters hamwe nububiko bwingufu bigomba kubarwa ukundi.
Tangira ubara indangagaciro eshatu zingenzi
Imikoreshereze ya buri munsi (kWt / umunsi)
Ngiyo intangiriro yo kubara byose. Icyangombwa ni amashanyarazi nyirizina yakoreshejwe mu masaha 24 - ntabwo ari umubare wibikoresho byerekana urutonde cyangwa umubare wibikoresho byikubye imbaraga zapimwe.
Hariho uburyo butatu bwo kugereranya ibyo ukoresha kurubuga:
- Reba ibipimo byamateka byasomwe.Ubusanzwe nuburyo bwiza cyane bwimishinga ifite imiyoboro ihari cyangwa moteri ya mazutu.
- Kubara uhereye kurutonde rwibikoresho. Gereranya ingufu za buri gikoresho ukoresha ugwiza imbaraga zapimwe namasaha yacyo ya buri munsi.
- Koresha imishinga igereranijwe nkibisobanuro.
Uburyo bwa gatatu bukoreshwa muburyo bushya bwubatswe cyangwa ahacukurwa amabuye y'agaciro. Inganda zisanzwe zigereranya ni: Inkambi yubaka abantu 30: 60-120 kWh / kumunsi; Inkambi yubaka abantu 100: 250-400 kWt / kumunsi.
Imbaraga zo hejuru no gusaba ibintu
Imbaraga zo hejuru zigena ubushobozi bukenewe bwa inverter, mugihe ingufu za buri munsi zigena ubushobozi bwa PV bukenewe. Ibi ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye.
Ibikoresho ku rubuga ntabwo bisanzwe bikora umutwaro wuzuye icyarimwe. Ikintu gisabwa cya 0.6–0.8 gikunze gukoreshwa mubigereranyo byubuhanga. Dufashe ko icyifuzo cya 1.0 gishobora kuvamo inverter irenze, hasigara ubushobozi burenze budakoreshwa mubuzima bwumushinga.
Ikintu kimwe cyingenzi kwitabwaho ni ibikoresho bifite moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi, nka pompe zamazi, igikonjo nibikoresho byo guterura. Intangiriro yabo igomba kubarwa ukwayo. Ako kanya gutangira moteri ya induction ukoresheje umurongo utangirira kumurongo ushobora kugera ku nshuro 5-7 zagenwe. Niba iki kibazo kidakemuwe, ndetse nubundi buryo buhagije inverter irashobora kugendana uburinzi bwayo.
Gukoresha ingufu za nijoro nkijanisha ryimikoreshereze ya buri munsi
Iyi shusho igena imiterere yo kubika ingufu. Ku nkambi ahanini zidafite abantu ku manywa ariko zikoresha amashanyarazi nijoro, gukoresha nijoro birashobora kurenga 50% yo gukoresha buri munsi. Kuri pompe zikora cyane cyane mumasaha yumunsi, umugabane wijoro urashobora kuba munsi ya 20%.
Hasi umugabane wijoro, ububiko bwinshi bukora nkigikorwa cyinyongera. Mugabane mwinshi, niko kubika ingufu zikomeye bihinduka kuri sisitemu rusange.
Imbaraga Zihuse Kubisanzwe Bikora
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana incamake isanzwe kubintu bitandatu bisanzwe bikora. Iyi mibare ishingiye ku bunararibonye mu nganda; umushinga usabwa ugomba kugenzurwa kurutonde rwumutwaro.
| Ikoreshwa | Imikoreshereze ya buri munsi (kWh) | Imbaraga zo hejuru (kW) | Kurya nijoro | Basabwe Ubushobozi bwa PV | Gusabwa Kubika Ingufu |
| Inkambi y'abantu 30 | 60–120 | 15-25 | 50% –60% | 20 kW | 40 kWt |
| Inkambi y'abantu 100 | 250–400 | 50-70 | 50% –60% | 56-75 kilo ikurikirana | 121 kWt |
| Amapompo abiri ya 22 kW (imwe ikora, imwe ihagaze) | 200–300 | 40-50 | Munsi ya 20% | 56 kW | Bihitamo, nkuko bisabwa |
| 12 × 400 W amatara yikibanza (amasaha 10 nijoro) | 50 | 5 | 100% | 20 kW | 40 kWt |
| Sitasiyo y'itumanaho (24/7 imikorere) | 60-90 | 3-5 | 100% | 20 kW | 40 kWt |
| Imashini zo gusudira, ibikoresho byo gukata nibikoresho bito byamashanyarazi | 80–150 | 20-40 | Hafi ya 30% | 56 kW | Bihitamo, nkuko bisabwa |
Kugira ngo ukoreshe iyi mbonerahamwe, banza umenye ibintu bikora hanyuma urebe urwego rujyanye no gukoresha ingufu za buri munsi. Niba imbaraga zingufu hamwe ningufu zikoreshwa buri munsi zerekana ubunini bwa sisitemu zitandukanye, koresha urwego rwo hejuru rwimbaraga nkintangiriro, hanyuma urebe niba ubushobozi bwa PV buhagije.
Impamvu PV Modules, Inverters hamwe nububiko bwingufu bigomba kuba bifite ubunini butandukanye
Ikigereranyo cya DC / AC: Ubushobozi bwa PV Mubisanzwe Kuruta Inverter Yagereranijwe Ibisohoka
Ibisohoka bya PV byapimwe mubihe bisanzwe byikizamini: ubushyuhe bwa module ya 25 ° C, imishwarara ya 1.000 W / m² hamwe na coefficient de air ya AM1.5. Iyo module yinyuma yubushyuhe igeze kuri 65 ° C kurubuga, moderi ya kirisiti ya silicon hamwe na coeffisente yubushyuhe bwa -0.3% / ° C irashobora kugabanuka gusohora hafi 12% –14%.
Niba ubushobozi bwa PV hamwe na inverter yagenwe bisohotse bihuye ku kigereranyo cya 1: 1, sisitemu ntishobora kugera kumusaruro wagenwe mugihe cyashyushye cyumunsi, hasigara ubushobozi bwa inverter idakoreshwa.
Inganda zisanzwe ni ugupima ubushobozi bwa PV bwashyizweho inshuro 1.1-1.3. Iri gereranya rizwi nka DC / AC. Ntabwo ari igipimo cyuzuye; ifasha gukoresha neza imirasire y'izuba iboneka.
Nigute Kubara Ubushobozi bwo Kubika Ingufu
Ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu buterwa no gukoresha amashanyarazi nijoro hamwe nuburebure bwemewe bwo gusohora (DoD).
| Kurya nijoro nkumugabane wo gukoresha burimunsi | Ububiko bukenewe kuri 100 kWt / kumunsi yo gukoresha | Ibisobanuro |
| 20% | Hafi. 22-25 kWt | Gupfuka kumurika nimugoroba no gutumanaho gusa, ukurikije 90% byubujyakuzimu |
| 40% | Hafi. 45-50 kWt | Gupfundikanya imitwaro yingirakamaro kumugoroba |
| 60% | Hafi. 67-75 kWt | Kubikorwa-hafi-isaha ikora, hamwe nubushobozi bwiyongereye kubicu cyangwa imvura |
| 100% (sitasiyo y'itumanaho) | Hafi. 110-120 kWt | Irasaba igishushanyo mbonera cya 2-3 bikurikiranye iminsi yibicu cyangwa imvura |
Iharurwa rishobora kugaragazwa nka:
Ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu = Gukoresha ingufu za buri munsi share Umugabane wo gukoresha nijoro ÷ Ubujyakuzimu bwo gusohora factor Ikintu kibika ikirere (1.0–1.3)
Impamvu zirenze urugero zishobora kugenzurwa hifashishijwe amakuru yubumenyi bwikirere ukoresheje JRC PVGIS ya sisitemu ya module.
Kuri bateri ya lithium fer fosifate (LFP), ubusanzwe ubujyakuzimu-bwo gusohora agaciro ni 90%. Ntukabare kubitekerezo bya 100% DoD, kuko ibi bishobora guhungabanya ubuzima bwinzira.
Ingengabihe Yubuzima na Gahunda yo Gusimbuza
Bateri ya Litiyumu fer fosifate irashobora kubigeraho 5.000-8,000 inzinguzingo kuri 80% byubujyakuzimu. Dufashe ko inshuro imwe yishyurwa kumunsi, ibi bihuye nimyaka 13-21. Ibi ni bigufi kurenza imyaka 25 yubuzima bwa serivisi isanzwe igaragara kuri modul ya PV. Kubika ingufu birashobora rero gusaba gusimburwa mugihe cyubuzima bwa sisitemu kandi ntibigomba kwirengagizwa kubara ishoramari.
Guhuza Umushinga wawe Kuri Kimwe Mubintu bitandatu byuruhererekane
Imirasire y'izuba ya ZM-Besta igendanwa iraboneka mubice bitandatu byamashanyarazi, bingana na 20 kW kugeza 200 kW, hamwe na 24 zose hamwe. Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi byerekanwe hano hepfo.
| Urukurikirane | Ubushobozi bwa PV | Ubwoko bwa PV | Imbaraga kuri Module | Ikirenge | Uburemere bwibicuruzwa (Usibye kubika ingufu) | Ububiko busanzwe bw'ingufu |
| 20 kW | 15-20 kW | N-Ubwoko bwa TOPCon | 690–720 W. | 33-39 m × 4 m | 3.8–4.3 t | 40 kWt |
| 56 kW | 40-56 kW | N-Ubwoko bwa TOPCon | 440–460 W. | 63-85 m × 6 m | 12.5-15 t | 121 kWt |
| 75 kW | 56-77 kW | N-Ubwoko bwa TOPCon | 440–460 W. | 63-85 m × 6 m | 12-15 t | Bihitamo, nkuko bisabwa |
| 150 kWt | 109-152 kW | N-Ubwoko bwa TOPCon | 510–530 W. | 70-96 m × 12 m | 33-36 t | 261 kWt |
| 175 kWt | 133–175 kWt | N-Ubwoko bwa TOPCon | 510–530 W. | 70-96 m × 12 m | 31–34.5 t | Bihitamo, nkuko bisabwa |
| 200 kW | 148–204 kW | N-Ubwoko bwa TOPCon | 580–600 W. | 85-110 m × 12 m | 31-34 t | Bihitamo, nkuko bisabwa |
Ibisobanuro rusange murwego rwibicuruzwa:
- Inguni yo kwishyiriraho: 25 °
- Ikadiri irimo inguni: 130 °
- Igishishwa gishyushye gishyizwe kumurongo: ≥55 mm
- Zinc-aluminium-magnesium itwikiriye umurongo uyobora: 75275 g / m²
- Igihe cyo kohereza: iminota 30
- Kurwanya umuyaga nyuma yo koherezwa: Icyiciro cya 9
- Kurwanya umunyu-spray: ≤C5
- Ubushyuhe bukora: -20 ° C kugeza + 50 ° C.
- Igipimo cyo kurinda muburyo bwabitswe: IP55
- Hybrid inverter isohoka: 380 V / 400 V, ibyiciro bitatu, insinga enye
- Inshuro: 50/60 Hz
Amakosa ane asanzwe yo kwirinda
Ongeraho Byonyine Ibikoresho Byerekana Urutonde
Ongeraho imbaraga zapimwe kuri buri kintu kurutonde rwibikoresho mubisanzwe bitanga ikigereranyo kiri 30% –50% hejuru cyane. Ibikoresho ntabwo byose bikorera icyarimwe, kandi itandukaniro rirashobora guhindurwa muburyo bwigiciro cya sisitemu idakenewe.
Kwirengagiza Ubushyuhe bujyanye nibisohoka Gutakaza
Ahantu hacukurwa ubutayu hamwe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwa 45 ° C, ubushyuhe bwurupapuro rwa PV burashobora kurenga 70 ° C, bikagabanya umusaruro hafi 15%. Kuringaniza sisitemu ishingiye ku gipimo gisanzwe kuri 25 ° C irashobora kuvamo umusaruro uri munsi y'ibiteganijwe gusohoka.
Kuringaniza Ingufu Kubika Impanuka
Kubika ingufu bifite igice kinini cyibiciro bya sisitemu. Kuringaniza ububiko ukurikije imbaraga zimpanuka bivuze kurihira ubushobozi bwububiko bwumunsi wose kugirango utwikire impinga ishobora kubaho mumasaha abiri gusa. Uburyo bwiza nugupima ububiko bushingiye kumikoreshereze ya nijoro.
Kwirengagiza Ubwikorezi no Kuzamura Ibisabwa
Ibikoresho bifite ikirenge cyashyizwe kuri m 110 m × 12 m hamwe nuburemere bwa t t bisaba kugenzura hakiri kare imihanda igana, guhindura radiyo nubushobozi bwo guterura crane. Imihanda yigihe gito ahacukurwa amabuye ikunze kugenerwa ibinyabiziga byoroheje. Niba ibinyabiziga biremereye byinjira no gupakurura birengagijwe, ibikoresho birashobora kugera kurubuga ariko ntibishoboka gupakurura.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Q1: Amashanyarazi angahe 20 kg yumuriro wizuba ushobora kubyara kumunsi?
Ibisekuruza biterwa nizuba ryaho. Dufashe amasaha 4.5 yizuba ryizuba hamwe na sisitemu ikora 0,75-0.8, buri kilo 1 yubushobozi bwa PV yashyizweho itanga hafi 3,4-3,6 kWh kumunsi. Sisitemu ya 20 kWt rero yabyara hafi 68-72 kWt / kumunsi. Mu bice bifite izuba ryinshi 5.5, ibisekuru bya buri munsi birashobora kugera kuri 85 kWh.Bisanzwe PVOUT yaho irashobora kubazwa na coordinateur muri Izuba Rirashe.
Q2: Sisitemu irashobora guha imbaraga imitwaro itwarwa na moteri?
Nibyo, ariko gutangira ibyubu bigomba kubarwa. Moteri ya induction ya 22 kW ukoresheje umurongo utangirira kumurongo irashobora gushushanya ako kanya 110-150 A. Inverter igomba kuba ifite ubushobozi burenze urugero kugirango ikemure iki cyifuzo. Kuri moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi, itangira ryoroshye cyangwa ihindagurika ryumuvuduko (VFD) irasabwa kugabanya gutangira amashanyarazi hamwe no kwiyongera kwamashanyarazi.
Q3: Sisitemu irashobora gukora idafite ububiko bwingufu?
Yego. Kuri porogaramu zikoresha cyane cyane amashanyarazi kumanywa, nka sitasiyo yo kuvoma no kumenagura ibikorwa, sisitemu irashobora gukora idafite ububiko bwingufu, hamwe na inverter itanga ingufu mugusubiza umutwaro. Nyamara, porogaramu zisaba imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma nijoro cyangwa mugihe cyikirere gikeneye kubika ingufu.
Q4: Sisitemu irashobora kwagurwa?
Igishushanyo mbonera gishyigikira kwagura ubushobozi wongeyeho kandi uhuza ibice byinyongera. Mbere yo kwaguka, genzura inverter ntarengwa yemewe yimibare ibangikanye hamwe nubushobozi bwihuza. Ongeraho ubushobozi bwa PV wenyine utazamuye sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ntibishobora kuba bihagije.
Q5: Ibikoresho bishobora gukora igihe kingana iki ahantu huzuye umunyu?
Urutonde rwibicuruzwa byerekanwe hamwe nu gipimo cyo kurwanya umunyu-spray ya ≤C5 hamwe na hot-dip ya galvanised ikarito ya ≥55 mm. Ukurikije ibyiciro bya ISO 12944, C5-M bivuga ibidukikije byo mu nyanja byangirika cyane, harimo ahantu runaka ku nkombe muri metero 500 uvuye ku nyanja. Hamwe nurwego rwo kurinda no kugenzura buri gihe, sisitemu irashobora gushyigikira igihe cya serivisi kirenze imyaka 15. Ubuzima bwa serivisi nyabwo buracyaterwa nurubuga rwihariye rwangirika hamwe ninshuro zo kubungabunga.
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